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PHARM 2 > TEST 1 > Flashcards

TEST 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Discuss the management of cardiovascular disease according to new (2013) published guidelines for hypertension, obesity and cholesterol.

A 
ACC/AHA 
Healthy lifestyle 
Obesity
Cholesterol
Risk Assessment
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2
Q

State the primary indication of directics

A

Its the first line of defense fro hypertension

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3
Q

what blood pressures are appropriate for a direteics

A

140/90 60 y.o

DM or kidney disease and

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of diuretics

A

Most common MOA: Block tubular reabsorption of NA which causes sodium to be excreted out with the urine which water will follow

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5
Q

No safe weight loss drugs

A

effects the cardiovascular system and the kidneys!!!

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6
Q

How do diuretics effect Blood pressure

A

Decreases blood pressure by,
reducing peripheral resistance
reduce cardiac output
decrease blood volume

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7
Q

What are the ACC/AHA guidelines for good heathy lifestyle

A

30 min exercise 3-4 days a week
eat lots of fruit and veg
Reduce sodium intake

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8
Q

What are the ACC/AHA guidelines for obesity

A

team base treatment
weight loss strategies based on BMI
diet and excersise is the best

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9
Q

What is the ACC/AHA guidelines to Cholesterol

A

Overall health status and risks guide treatment
“Bad cholesterol number” no longer main factor guiding treatment
Decisions for drug treatment based on discussions with healthcare provider

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10
Q

What is the ACC/AHA guidelines for

risk assessment

A

calculators used to be assessed with a general care docter
risk for african americans for the first time
stoke risks for the first time

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11
Q

what are the ACC/AHA guidelines for blood preasure

A

systoloic 140/159
diastolic 90/99
if higher life style changes and medications

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12
Q

What happens to most diretics

A

excreated by kidney tubular secreation

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13
Q

Whats the first choice drug given for hypertension and congestive heart failure

A

Thiazide

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14
Q

What is the MOA of Thiazide

A

inhalation of the sodium absorption of the proximal and distal tubules,
specifically carbonic anhydrase
Decrease of H for exchange for sodium

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15
Q

How does Thiazide lower the Blood preasure

A

decrease plasma volume and extracellular fluid

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16
Q

How does Thiazide lower cardiac out put

A

Sterlings law if you decrease the blood returning to the heart aka preload the heart were not work as hard to pump blood back into the systemic system

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17
Q

How does Thiazide lower peripheral resistance

A

later

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18
Q

What is the most commonly prescribed diaretics

A

Thiazide

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19
Q

What is a drug we don’t use as a diabetic anymore, its a trap on boards two

A

Murcurials

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20
Q

Mercurial were known as the

A

first class diruretics

21
Q

What is the MOA of Mercurials

A

block Na reabsorption by releasing Hg to interact with the sulfhydryl group of Na transport receptors in tubules

22
Q

What is the side effect of mercurials

A

Decreased Cl transported in asending loop of henle- Risk of Hypochloremic alkalosis

23
Q

Preparations of Thiazide

A

Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ

Chlorothiazide Diuril

24
Q

HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazide is used for

A

hypertension

edema of the heart failure and nephrotic syndrome

25
Q

What are the side effects of HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazie

A

Xerostomia, lichenoid drug reaction, photosensitivity

26
Q

What are Loop Diuretics

A

A diuretic

27
Q

What is the MOA

A

inhibition of active na reabsorption in the asending loop of henle by blocking cl absorption, inhibits the Na-K-Cl pump synporter causing a MAJOR loss of volume

28
Q

What drugs are toxic due to such a loss of electrolytes

A

Loop diuretics

29
Q

All loop diuretics are all ototoxic (causing hearing loss)

A

loop diuretics

30
Q

What are examples of loop diuretics

A

fureosmide (Lasis)
Ethacrynic Acid (Edicin)
Bumetanide (Bumex)
torsemide (Demadex)

31
Q

Potasium-sparing (retaining) diuretics MOA is

A

competes with the aldosterone receptors in the distal renal tubules
Excretes Na and Cl but not H and K

32
Q

In short potassium sparing diuretics do what

A

blocks effects of aldosterone, blocks of loss of K

33
Q

What are some potassium sparing diuretics that are on the market today

A

Spironolactone (aldoactone)
Triamterine (Dyrenium)
Eplerenone (Inspra)

34
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors MOA is

A

Na and water excretion is increased
H exchange is decreased
inhibits carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

35
Q

What is considered a mild diuretic that works on DCT and PCT

A

Carbonic anhydrase

36
Q

What medication should be used for a Glaucoma and adjunctive heart failure

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

37
Q

How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors effect guacamole and adjunctive heart failure

A

production of aqueous humor production

retard abnormal discharge of of CNS (anticonvulsant properties)

38
Q

What are the preparations of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

acetazolamide (Diamox)

methazolamide (Neptazane)

39
Q

What drug is used in emergency situations where you need to decrease volume

A

osmotic diaretics, A good choice if the bodies kidney’s slow down or stop

40
Q

What is the Osmotic diabetic MOA

A

causes major

41
Q

What drug is filtered but not absorbed (water follows solute)

A

osmotic diuretics

42
Q

What is an example of a osmotic diuretic

A

ureaphil

43
Q

what is an example of a amplifying agent

A

Ammonium chloride

44
Q

Ammonium chloride is a

A

treatment of hyperchloremic states or metabolic alkalosis

45
Q

acidifying agents are used often or rarely?

A

rarely

46
Q

where are acidifying agents used and for what reason

A

Used in emergency room to produce a large amount of chloride (increases acidity by increasing free H ion concentration)

47
Q

What is the MOA of amplifying agents

A

Increased amount of cl in the urine and the na stays with it

48
Q

xanthines are prescribed for

A

respiratory drugs and asthma and COPD

49
Q

Stimulants do what and what is and example of a drug that is also a stimulant

A

jj

PHARM 2 (4 decks)

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