Antiviral Medications

Question 1

What part of the virus unpacking do antivirals target the most often

Answer 1

the uncoating of the virus which prevents the virus from penetrating the host and therefore replicating within the host

Question 2

What are all the targets of antiviral medication

Answer 2

alter the uncoating of the virus polymerase inhibitors inhibit viral protien syntheses

Question 3

What are two uncoating antiviral medications and what type of influenza are they targeting

Answer 3

amantadine (Symmetril) rimantidine (Flumadine) more active Influenza A

Question 4

What side effects come with taking amantadine and rimantidine aka antiviral uncoating medications

Answer 4

CNS stimulation advanced antihistamines or caffine Insomnia Grand Mal Seizures

Question 5

What antiviral medication targets both type A and B

Answer 5

oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Also known as a classic prodrug.

Question 6

What drug is described as the classic prodrug, and is used in both prophylaxis and treatment

Answer 6

Os-el-ta-mi-vir remember that vir is seen in other drugs dont get smoked.

Question 7

What is the the MOA of oseltamivir

Answer 7

Neuraminidase inhibitor, the drug, cleaves the budding viral progeny from the cell from the viral envelope attachment point just prior to release.

Question 8

Ribavirin is used to treat what

Answer 8

respiratory syncytial virus

Question 9

What is the MOA of ribavirin

Answer 9

Disrupts translation and transcription and focuses its atach on virus RNA polymerase so mostly effects RNA viruses

Question 10

What are the sidefects of ribavirin

Answer 10

mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic

Question 11

What drug is given when a person gets herpes simplex keratitis (in eye); keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 11

trifluridine (viroptic)

Question 12

What is the MOA of trifluridine

Answer 12

Interferes with viral replication by replacing thymidine causing a defective protein

Question 13

acyclovir administered how and is the choice drug of what

Answer 13

IV HSV encephalitis and primary and recurrent herpes in HIV patients

Question 14

gancyclovir is used when someone has what and how does it help

Answer 14

cytomegalovirus it inhibits DNA synthesis,

Question 15

What drug is used to treat CMV retinitis

Answer 15

ganciclivir

Question 16

What two drugs are used as prodrugs for genital herpes

Answer 16

famciclovir and valacyclovir

Question 17

What do interferons do

Answer 17

inducible glycoproteins that interfere with the ability of viruses to infect cells Antiviral, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory actions

Question 18

how are interferons formed

Answer 18

synthesized by recombinant DNA

Question 19

What are the three types of interferons

Answer 19

Alpha, beta, gamma administered subcutaneously, intralesialy or IV

Question 20

What are the mechanisms of interferons

Answer 20

Induce gene transcription Inhibit cellular growth Alter state of cell differentiation Interfere with oncogene expression Alter cell surface antigen expression Increase phagocytic activity of macrophages Augment cytotoxicity of lymphocytes

Question 21

True or false interferons are mostly used in cancers

Answer 21

false they are mostly used with Hepatitis B and C Multiple sclerosis

Question 22

what are the adverse effects of interferons

Answer 22

Flu-like symptoms – fever, chills, myalgias, arthralgias, GI disorder (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) Rash Bone marrow suppression - granulocytopenia Neurotoxicity – somnolence, behavioral disturbances CNS Effects - Headaches, depression Severe fatigue Severe weight loss Autoimmune disorders - thyroiditis Cardiovascular – congestive heart failure Oral – taste changes, reactivation of herpes labialis, excessive salivation

Question 23

drugs for hepatitis C

Answer 23

ledipasvir + sofosbuvir (Harvoni) $94,500 for a 12-week supply 40% of patients may be able to take the drug for eight weeks = $63,000 simeprevir (Olysio) sofosbuvir (Sovaldi) boceprevir (Victrelis) telaprevir (Incivek)

Question 24

What is the challenge to taking antifvirals

Answer 24

They often also effect the replication of the host cell

Question 25

What is the first step of a virus infecting a cell

Answer 25

It must attach first to the host membrane, followed by injection and replication of DNA and RNA from the host cells proteins

Question 26

enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) –

Answer 26

first antiviral HIV agent that inhibits viral entry into host cells

Question 27

What do antivirals that target genome replication usually target

Answer 27

polymerase inhibitors

Question 28

what do immunizations help with

Answer 28

body creates antibodies for the viral envelope protein aka Block viral attachment and penetration Virucidal = antibodies destroy or inactivate virus before it interacts with receptor on target cells

Question 29

a retro virus can be described as

Answer 29

Any virus in the family Retroviridae that has RNA as its nucleic acid Target of antiretrovirals: reverse transcriptase

Question 30

What is The DNA segment is then permanently incorporated into the host cell’s DNA within the nucleus, a process

Answer 30

integration

Question 31

Answer 31

yep look at it

Question 32

3 primary sublasses of HIV antivirals

Answer 32

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors