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PHARM 2 > Antineoplastic drugs > Flashcards

Antineoplastic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Alkylating Agents to know

A

Cy-clo-phos-pha-mide
if-os-fa-mide
pro-carb-az-ine

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2
Q

antimetabolites are what specific or non specific

A

S phase specific

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3
Q

Alkylating agents are specific or non specific

A

non specific

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4
Q

What are the three antimetabolites to know

A

Folic acid antagonists
purine antagonists
pyrimidine antagonists

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5
Q

What is an example of a folic acid antagonist and what is its MOA

A

Meth-o-trex-ate, it ihibits DNA synthesis,

It blocks dyhydrofolate reductase

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6
Q

Purine antagonist MOA

A

inhibit enzymes that converts hypoxanthine ribonucleotide to, adenine and zanthine ribonucleotide.

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7
Q

What is an example of a purine antagonist and what is its MOA

A

Mercaptopurine (purinethol) Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis cell specific to Sphase

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8
Q

Pyrimidine antagonists MOA is

A

inhibits pyrimidine synthesis

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9
Q

Pyrmidne antagonist include what 2 drugs and what do they specifically do

A

flurouricil-5-Fu, interferes with DNA synthesis or become incorporated into RNA
Cytarabine Ara-C (blood cancers) inhibits dNA and repair BOTH ARE cell S phase specific

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10
Q

flurouricil-5-Fu

A

interferes with DNA synthesis or become incorporated into RNA S phase specific

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11
Q

Cytarabine Ara-C

A

(blood cancers) inhibits dNA synthesis and repair S phase specific

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12
Q

What are platinum complexes

A

platinum surrounded by Cl that inhibit DNA synthesis and repair

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13
Q

Carboplatin is a platinum complex what types of cancer usually require this drug

A

small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer

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14
Q

Cisplatin is a platinum complex what type of cancer usually require this durg

A

bladder, testicular, ovarian head and neck cancer

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15
Q

oxaliplatin

A

used for colon and rectal cancers

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16
Q

what are a few locations that platinum complex drugs are a good choice for cancer treatment

A

Gyenlicologic, bladder testicular lung CNS head and neck

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17
Q

What toxicities are involved with platinum complexes

A 
Myelosuppression
Nephrotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Nausea/vomiting
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18
Q

Vinka alkyloids is a drug that targets what and is a good drug against what

A

Targets the M and S phase, cell cycle specific

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19
Q

Vinblasitine and Vincristine are both what type of drug and what cancer do they affect the most

A

Vinka alkyloids, Hodgkins lymphoma

high incidences of side effects, may cause high incidences of nuerotoxicity

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20
Q

What drug has a side effect that can effect a persons hearing

A

Vinka drugs such as Vinblastine and Vincristine

21
Q

vinka alkaloids come from what plant and what type of cancers do vinka alkaloids work well for

A

the periwinkle plant

leukemias, lymphomas, testicular caner, breast cancer, kaposi sarcoma

22
Q

Hormone agents MOA is

A

hormones interupt the G phase in the cell cycle, and also reduce the amount of circulating hormones

23
Q 
Estrogens = prostate and mammary CA
ethinyl estradiol (Estinyl, Feminone)
A 
prostate and mammary CA
ethinyl estradiol (Estinyl, Feminone)
24
Q

Androgens = mammary CA in premenopausal women

A 
testosterone proprionate (Testrx)
fluoxymesterone (Halotestin
25
Q

Prpgestins are in what type of cancer and wha are two examples

A

renal and endometrial CA
medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera)
megestrol (Megace)

26
Q

Glucocorticoids are hormones that

A

hematologic; lymphomas; bone metastases; immunosuppression for organ transplantation

27
Q

What are some Glucocorticoid drugs

A

prednisone (Prednisone Intensol, Sterapred)

28
Q

what are some glucocorticoid drugs such as prenisone MOA

A

Antitumor effects may be related to inhibition of glucose transport, phosphorylation, or induction of cell death in immature lymphocytes

29
Q

tamoxifen (Nolvadex) = antiestrogen; breast CA treatment and prevention

A

Competitively binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and other target tissues
Decreases DNA synthesis and inhibits estrogen effects
G0 and G1 phases

30
Q

tamoxifen is what rather than what

A

Cytostatic cytocidal

31
Q

what drugs has many adverse effects: uterine cancer, stroke, pulmonary emboli, liver problems, osteoporosis

A

tamoxifen

32
Q

Antibiotics are most effective against solid mass tumors because their MOA is

A

Cytotoxins bind with DNA to inhibit cell division

Attack cells in different phases 1st non-cell cycle specific 2nd cell cycle specific

33
Q

3 major antibiodics to be aware of for cancer are

A 
bleomycin (Blenoxane) 
doxorubicin (Adriamycin) 
daunorubicin citrate (DaunoXome) = HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma
34
Q

bleomycin is

A

cell cycle specific (G2, M)

squamous cell CA, testicular tumor, lymphomas

35
Q

What drug is known to cause Increased risk for pneumonia, why

A

Bleomycin, pulmonary fibrosis = limit amounts of prolonged oxygen (leads to fibrosis, necrosis of lung)

36
Q

doxorubicin main function is

A

Inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis; cell cycle specific (S phase)

Kaposi’s sarcoma, advanced breast and ovarian CA

37
Q

Daunorubicin citrate is given for patients with

A

HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma

38
Q

what other antibiotics Inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis

A

dactinomycin (Cosmegen) –
mitoxantrone (Novantrone) =
mitomycin (Mutamycin) –

39
Q

dectinomycin a antibiotic inhibiting dna and RNA synthesis also

A 
binds with DNA and blocks RNA production
Pediatric tumors, testicular tumors
Oral mucosal lesions, diarrhea
daunorubicin hydrochloride (Cerubidine)
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Causes red color to urine
40
Q

Mitozantrone

A

effects the entire cell cytle

41
Q

mitomycin

A

alkylating antibiotic; cell-cycle nonspecific, although most effective in late G and S phases

42
Q

thalidomide (Thalomid) MOA is

A

Angiogenesis inhibitor, immunosuppressant, TNF blocking agent
Multiple mechanisms of action
Drug from the 1950’s for morning sickness, sedation = all first generation offspring had major limb defects
Classic model drug for teratogenesis

43
Q

thalidomide is used in cases of

A

Indications: leprosy; investigational for: multiple myeloma, Crohn’s disease, graft versus host disease, AIDS-related aphthous lesions, others (autoimmune diseases)

44
Q

what problems came with taking the thalidomide for a morning sickness pill

A

Drug from the 1950’s for morning sickness, sedation = all first generation offspring had major limb defects
Classic model drug for teratogenesis

45
Q

What are 8 major systems effected by chemotheropy

A 
Suppression of bone marrow (blood dyscrasias)
GI disturbances 
Dermatological reactions  
Hepatotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
nephrotoxicity
immune deficiencies
infertility
infertility
46
Q

What enzyme is usually inhibited by chemotheoropy due to hepatotoxicity

A

p450

47
Q

Oral complications

A

pose great discomfort to the patient
Interfere with eating, drinking, swallowing, talking, sleeping
Many conditions are painful
Concern is that complications pose secondary infection risk and/or may dictate the need to temporarily discontinue treatment
May alter success of therapy

48
Q

fixing oral complications

A 
Good plaque control
Pain control = topical anesthetics
Salivary replacement for xerostomia
artificial saliva for lubrication for eating, speaking and swallowing
Fluorides due to caries risk
Antifungals
Antivirals
Antimicrobial mouthrinses or dentifrices

PHARM 2 (4 decks)

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