Test 1

Question 1

What’s different about fungi cell wall than humans?

Answer 1

composed by “ergosterol” instead of cholesterol

Question 2

What’s a hyphae?

Answer 2

It’s a multicellular extension of the mother cell

Question 3

What can candida albicans do that’s similar to mold?

Answer 3

It can create “true hyphae”

Question 4

What’s a “germ tube”

Answer 4

It’s the hyphae of candida albicans

Question 5

Asexual state of formation:

Answer 5

“A”namorph

Question 6

Sexual state of formation:

Answer 6

Teleomorph

Question 7

Define conidia

Answer 7

The asexual bud

Question 8

What’s important to remember about Candida glabrata?

Answer 8

It’s resistant to the first type of anti-fungal medicine (fluconazole)

Question 9

What’s a capsid?

Answer 9

The protein shell of a virus

Question 10

What’s the tegument?

Answer 10

layer of proteins between the capsid and the envelopne

Question 11

What’s the envelope?

Answer 11

the lipid bilayer of the membrane virus

Question 12

*****What are the two important tumor suppressors targeted by viruses?

Answer 12

1. p53 (this causes apoptosis unless inactivated by virus)

2. retinoblastoma protein (Rb helps control normal division)

Question 13

*****how does HPV turn cancerous with E6 and E7?

Answer 13

E6 binds p53

E7 binds Rb

Question 14

Bacteria that don’t have a cell wall can survive by using what?

Answer 14

sterols (like cholesterol)

Question 15

What would a cell entering a lymph node encounter first?

Answer 15

B cells, then germinal center, then T cell (regulatory cells)

Question 16

What’s the purpose of the germinal center?

Answer 16

It’s where the B cells, T cells and APC’s interact, and directing the immune response.

Question 17

What are peri-arteriolar lymphoid sheaths?

Answer 17

They surround the central artery of spleen, chuck full of T-cells.

Question 18

What’s the purpose of the marginal zone in the spleen?

Answer 18

It takes bad things to the white pulp to process for immune response.

Question 19

What’s the correlation between not having a spleen and capsulated bacteria?

Answer 19

If you don’t have a spleen you are more susceptible to encapsulated bacteria because the spleen specializes in taking these types out.

Question 20

Can Herpes Virus make it’s own DNA polymerase? and primase? etc.

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What does Neisseria meningitidis do to get across the blood brain barrier?

Answer 21

It does a phase variation…turns off the capsular expression

Question 22

What mediates transduction?

Answer 22

Bacteriophages (viruses)

Question 23

What’s a generalized transducing phage?

Answer 23

It’s an accidental packaging of bacterial genome when assembling the virus particles (it moves to the next bacteria)

Question 24

What’s a specialized transducing phage?

Answer 24

It attaches to the bacterial chromosomes and when it lyses it excises the bacteria and takes it with it.

Question 25

What type of virus causes the flu?

Answer 25

Orthomyxovirus

Question 26

What type of flu causes pandemics?

Answer 26

Type A

Question 27

What virus causes measles, and mumps?

Answer 27

Paramyxoviruses

Question 28

What does the paneth cell (of the gut crypt) produce?

Answer 28

It produces vesicles which hold “alpha defensins”

Question 29

How are neutrophils like kamakazi?

Answer 29

They enter the tissue from the blood stream and die in order to release their granules.

Question 30

What type of sex linkage is CGD (chronic granuloma disease?)

Answer 30

X linked (so it’s more harmful in males than females)

Question 31

What do monocytes become?

Answer 31

macrophages

Question 32

What does the +strand RNA virus do?

Answer 32

It makes proteins and makes -strand virus RNA (which can be packaged and sent out)

Question 33

What does the -strand RNA virus do?

Answer 33

It brings in a RNA polymerase, which will help make the +strand RNA

Question 34

How does an RNA virus become latent?

Answer 34

It undergoes reverse transcription and makes a ssDNA which integrates into the genome.

Question 35

What score will you get on the test?

Answer 35

100%