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Entomology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Smallest insect?

A

Tinkerbella nana

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1
Q

Why are insects good?

A

Pollination-co evolution, a third of crop plants, 200,000 flowering species, $$$$$$$$$// recycling//food and other products//controlling pests

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2
Q

Biggest insect?

A

Mass-Goliath beetle//
longest-chan’s megastick 56cm
largest wingspan-atlas moth

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3
Q

Fastest insect?

A

Running-5mph//flying-25to1200+

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4
Q

What percentage do insects make up out of all described animals?

A

75%

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5
Q

what percentage do insects make up out of all described species?

A

50%

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6
Q

Why are insects so successful?

A 
Adaptable exoskeleton 
Small body size
Short generation time
Early dry-land colonizer
Efficient flight
Metamorphosis
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7
Q

Some urban pests?

A

Termites, ants, roaches, flies

Name at least 2

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8
Q

Some agricultural pests?

A

Aphids, stink bugs, moth larvae

Name at least 2

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9
Q

Some human/animal pests?

A

Fleas, lice, mosquito, flies, bed bugs

Name at least 2

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10
Q

Some insect vectored human diseases?

A

Malaria, West Nile virus, river blindness, typhus, yellow fever
(Name at least 2)

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11
Q

Some insect vectored animal diseases?

A

Heartworm, blue tongue

Name at least 2

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12
Q

Some insect vectored plant diseases?

A

Tomato spotted wilt, yellows, plum pox, fire blight

Name at least 2

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13
Q

How do insects affect environment?

A 
Break down organic material
Modify soil 
Make unlivable areas
Help/injure some parts of environment 
Key element to some food webs
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14
Q

Insect that is in research?

A

Fruit flies

289 human genes misspelled cause disease in people

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15
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Science of naming things

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16
Q

What are the three domains of our planet?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

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17
Q

What is bacteria?

A

No nuclear membrane

Mostly prokaryotes

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18
Q

What is archaea?

A

Complicated the accepted classifications

Prokaryotes of extreme environments

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19
Q

What is eukarya?

A

DNA contained in nucleus

Protests,plants,fungi, animals

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20
Q

What is phylum Arthropoda?

A 
Exoskeleton-must molt to grow
Segmented
Jointed appendages 
Central nerve chord
Open circulatory system 
Bilateral symmetry
Sexual reproduction (may be lost)
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21
Q

Arthropod exoskeleton

A

Must shed skin to grow (3-6 times)

Adult insects do not molt or get bigger

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22
Q

What are some Crustacea?

A

Lobsters
Crabs
Woodlice
Rollypollies

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23
Q

What are some Arachnida?

A

Spiders
Scorpions
Lice
Ticks

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24
Q

What are crustaceans?

A 
Mostly all aquatic
2 pairs of antennae
Gills
Five pairs of legs or more
Head and thorax fused
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25
Q

What are Arachnida?

A

No antennae
Chelicerate mouthparts
Pedipalps

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26
Q

What are the orders of Arachnida?

A

Order araneae-spiders
Order scorpionida-scorpions
Order acari-ticks and mites

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27
Q

What are varroa mites?

A 
Suck blood out of bees
Weaken bees
Bee colonies die
Move with drifting and robbing bees
Difficult to manage
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28
Q

What are tracheal mites?

A

Spend entire life in bee trachea
Weaken bees and affect flight
Kill bee colonies
Transmitted by bees drifting or robbing

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29
Q

What is class Chilopoda centipedes?

A

One pair of legs per segment
One pair of large antennae
Most predacious and venomous

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30
Q

What is class Diplopoda millipedes?

A

Two pairs of legs let segment

No venomous bite-noxious chemical release common

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31
Q

All insects are…?

A

Eukaryotes

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32
Q

How do you know it’s an insect?

A 
3 body regions
3 pairs of legs
Compound eyes
Wings, usually
One pair of antennae 
Trachea
33
Q

Division exopterygota (nymph similar to adult)

A

Wings develop externally

Incomplete metamorphosis

34
Q

Division endopterygota (wings as internal buds)

A

Wings develop internally

Complete metamorphosis

35
Q

Insect taxonomy example

A 
Domain
Kingdom 
Phylum
Class
Order 
Family 
Genus
Species
Dominant kings play chess on fine grained sand
36
Q

Thusanura silverfish

A

Indirect fertilization
Compound eyes
Abdominal appendages
Household pests

37
Q

Ephemeroptera mayfly

A 
Incomplete metamorphosis 
Four triangular wings with many veins 
Adults with vestigial mouthparts 
Abundant in permanent freshwater environments
Aquatic Immatures feed on plants/debris
Adults typically emerge synchronously
38
Q

Order Odonata dragonfly

A

Two pair membranous wings
Chewing mouthparts
No cerci
Economic/ecological-predaceous and abundant
Egg, naid, adult-incomplete metamorphosis
Adults may live several months

39
Q

Order Orthoptera grasshoppers katydids and crickets

A

Incomplete metamorphosis
Chewing mouthparts
Most males-sound producing organs

40
Q

Blatraria (blattodea)

A

Roach

Many generations per year
Incomplete metamorphosis 
Head concealed by pronotum
Wings usually present
Antennae long and slender
41
Q

Roach integrated pest management

A

Roaches trigger asthma

Minimize food available
Minimize water sources
Caulk up cracks
Don't bring them home
Use sticky traps
Use baits if necessary
42
Q

Order blattaria suborder Isoptera termite

A

Soft bodied
Reproductives with four similar wings
Chewing mouthparts
Incomplete metamorphosis

43
Q

Order mantodea praying mantis

A

Overwinter as eggs
Incomplete metamorphosis
Grasping forelegs

44
Q 
Order phasmatodea (Phasmida) 
Stick or leaflike
A 
Incomplete metamorphosis 
3cm to 20+
Long slender legs not adapted for jumping, digging, or grasping 
Chewing mouthparts
Herbivorous
Leg autonomy common
45
Q

Order dermaptera earwig

A

Incomplete metamorphosis
Chewing mouthparts
Prominent cerci

46
Q

Order phthiraptera lice

A

Permanent ectoparasites
Incomplete metamorphosis
Tarsi modified into a claw
Chewing or sucking mouthparts

47
Q

How do you control head lice?

A 
Transmitted by close contact or sharing infested materials
Cannot live away from hosts 
Nit comb
Lice shampoos
Wash clothes and bedding 
Break the cycle
48
Q

Order hemiptera bugs

A 
Piercing/sucking mouthparts
Incomplete metamorphosis 
Economic/ecological impact:many important agricultural and human health pests
Some vector serious diseases
Some species can be very numerous
49
Q

Order hemiptera suborder Heteroptera

A

Forewing with basal half thickened and leather like

Includes predators, plant feeders, parasites

50
Q

Aquatic Heteroptera families

A 
Nepidae-water scorpion
Ambush predator
Breathing tube
Corixidae-water boatmen 
Swim upright 
Can live in polluted water
Predators
Plastron 
Notonectidae-backswimmers 
Free swimming predators
Hemoglobin
Plastron
51
Q

Family cimicidae

A 
Bed bugs 
Flat oval 
Less than 6 mm
Wings vestigial 
Feed on blood at night 
Not known to vector diseases
52
Q

Bed bugs return

A 
Infesting dorms, hotels, homes
Bedding luggage
Possible relation to restrictions on indoor insecticide 
Signs
    Unexplained bites 
     Spots of blood or feces on bedding
     Look for the insect
Inspect beds sofas
53
Q

Family reduviidae

A

Kissing bug transmits Chagas’ disease

54
Q

What is Chagas’ disease?

A 
Tryoanosoma-released in feces
Biting causes itching
    Victim scratches in trypanosomes
Affects 18-20 million people 
    Central and s. America
    Rural areas
Chronic infection 
    Heart, digestive system
55
Q

Family pentatomidae

A 
Stink bugs
Large triangular scutellum
Five segmented antennae
Very common
Some serious plant pests
Some important predators
56
Q

Order Hemiptera

Suborder Homoptera

A

Economic/ecologic-can be very numerous(prey item), important plant pests and transmit plant diseases

57
Q

Homoptera
Auchenorrhyncha
Family cicadidae

A 
\:large insects with wings
Cicada Immatures live in the ground
     Dog day cicada 
     Periodical cicada
Reasons for periodicity
     Overwhelm predation
     Confuse predators with sound 
     Predator population cannot build up in response to prey increase
58
Q

Hemiptera
Homoptera
Auchenorryncha
Family:cercopidae spittle bugs

A

Nymphs cover themselves with froth

59
Q

Auchenorryncha
Family membracidae
Treehoppers

A

Many structured to resemble plant parts
Nymphs often gregarious, may be tended by ants
Feed mostly on woody plants

60
Q

Auchenorryncha

Family cicadellidae

A

Important plant disease vectors, particularly viruses
Phony peach disease
Pierce’s disease grapes
Corn stunt

61
Q

Aphids and thrips

A

Transmitted diseases

Most important vectors

62
Q

Complex life cycles of aphids

A

Eggs overwinter-spring hatch-birth of wingless females-migrate-women births-migrate-male and female

63
Q

Family adelgidae

A 
Hemlock wooly adelgid 
No males
Kill trees in 3-10years
Pesticides 
Predators
64
Q

Scale insect life cycle

A

Eggs hatch under scale
Crawlers emerge to find feeding location
First molt-Armored scale females lose legs and antennae
Males pupate u see sax and emerge with wings but no mouthparts

65
Q

Order thysanoptera

Thrips

A

Transmit plant viruses

66
Q

Tomato spotted wilt tosovirus

A

Occurs in Georgia peanuts

67
Q

What is the value of fast production?

A

One female aphid-up to 100 offspring which are ready to reproduce in a week
Predator populations are slower to respond
Rapid population growth=big cycles

68
Q

Endopterygota

A

Complete metamorphosis
Life stages
Egg, larva, pupa, adult

69
Q

Neuroptera

Lacewing

A 
Chewing mouthparts 
Large lateral eyes
Eggs in stalks
Predaceous larva and adults 
   Agriculture predators
70
Q

Antlions

A

Larvae make pits in soil

71
Q

Order Coleoptera

Beetles

A 
Most species 
Four wings thickened leathery hard 
Chewing mouthparts
Hind wings usually longer that the elytra 
Very small to large 
Antennae variable
May be sexually dimorphic
72
Q

Family carabidae

A

Ground beetles
Most environments nocturnal
Often found under rocks leaf litter
Predaceous as larvae and adults

73
Q

Family carabidae

Tiger beetles

A

Often quick fliers
Larvae predaceous
Ambush out of hole

74
Q

Coleoptera: family dytiscidae

A

Predaceous diving nettle
Carry air bubble beneath elytra
Larvae have suctorial mouthparts

75
Q

Coleoptera:family gyrindae

A

Whirligig beetles
Four compound eyes
Often gregarious
Antennae enable them to avoid crashing

76
Q

Coleoptera

Family curculionidae

A

Weevils
Largest family of beetles
Larvae typically hidden

77
Q

Coleoptera

Chrysomelidae

A

Leaf beetles

Cucumber beetles are key pests if vine crops or cucurbits (cucumber, squash, melons)

Oval body shape

78
Q

Coleoptera

Cerambycidae

A

Long horned beetles
Larvae typically in dead or living wood
Long antennae

79
Q

Coleoptera

Scarabaeidae

A

Scarabs
Some serious pests
White grubs and Japanese beetles

Entomology (5 decks)

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