Test 1 Flashcards
Name: Venus of Willendorf
Period: Paleolithic
Significance: Symbol of fertility, synthetic magic, exaggerated female form, function still unknown
Name: Venus of Laussel
Period: Paleolithic
Significance: fertility figure, bullhorn
Name: Bison with Turned Head
Period: Paleolithic
Significance: spearthrower used for hunting, representing the animal hunting
Name: Two Bison
Location: Cave of Le Tuc d’Audoubert
Period: Paleolithic
Significance: the figures are found deep in the caves so few actually saw them, most likely for the gods
Name: Hands
Location: Altamira, Spain
Period: Paleolithic
Significance: the hand outlines are shown with fingers missing indicating they might have been using it as a type of language
Name: Bison
Location: Altamira, Spain
Period: Paleolithic
Significance: Follows the contours of the cave making it almost a relief sculpture and depicts the bison realistically
Name: Wounded Bison
Location: Altamira, Spain
Period: Paleolithic
Significance:
Name: Hall of Bulls,Lascaux
Period: Paleolithic
Significance: Composite perspective, closed off to public to preserve, Very Large
Name: Chinese Horse, Lascaux
Period: Paleolithic
Significance: hunting arrows, resembles Chinese watercolor
Name: Aurochs, Horses and Rhinoceroses, Chauvet Cave
Period: Paleolithic
Significance: Narrative, fighting bull, profile perspective, composite
Name: Rhinoceros, Wounded Man, and Disembowled Bison,Lascaux
Period: Paleolithic
Significance: Man shown with bird head, ritualistic for hunting or animal worship
Name: Sorcerer Cave, Trois Freres
Period: Paleolithic
Significance: Half man half animal
Name: Marching Warriors, Cingle de la Mola
Period: Mesolithic
Significance: Shows man in war
Name: Stonehenge
Built by the Beaker people
Period: Neolithic
Significance: oriented around Winter Solstice, calendar, nature worship, megalithic structure, cromlean (huge circle), Post-lintel architecture based upon gravity
Name: Avebury Circle
Period: Neolithic
Significance: another lesser known stonehenge
Name: Grange Stone Circle, Ir
Period: Neolithic
Significance: another stonehenge
Name: Great stone tower, Jericho
Period: Neolithic
Significance: 1st village, burn marks, biblical importance
Name: Landscape with volcanic eruption (?), Çatal Höyük
Period: Neolithic
Significance: volcanic eruption, 1st landscape art
Name: White Temple and ziggurat
Period: Sumerian
Significance: place of worship, mestabas
Name: Female head (Inanna?)
Period: Sumerian
Significance: Sumerian god of love and war, most important goddess in Mesopotamia, inlayed with precious stone
Name: Ziggurat
Period: Neo-Sumerian
Significance: Tower of Babel, votive figures found inside
Name: Tellasmar Votive Figures
Period: Neo-Sumerian
Significance: worshipers to pray to the Gods at all times, cylinderical, big round eyes were the windows to the soul, stylized beard
Name: Epic of Creation
Content: Cuneiform document
Significance: Gilgamesh, 1st story of creation
Name: Flood Tablet
Content: Cuneiform document
Name: Cylinder Seals
Period: Sumerian
Significance: Banquet scene, composite view, social hierarchy, most are animal oriented
Name: Standard of Ur
Period: Sumerian
Significance: Peace/ War sides, conceptual composite, king upper left, scale important people shown larger, attempt to show depth
Name: Soundbox of Lyre of Puabil
Period: Sumerian
Significance: animals symbolic, doing human things, epic of gilgamesh
Name: Head of an Akkadian ruler
Period: Akkadian
Significance: eyes destroyed purposely, stylized beard, invaded the SUmerians, kings were the most important
Name: Victory stele of Naram-Sin
Period: Akkadian
Significance: crown of horns, narrative victory over enemies, first landscape, attempt at realism
Name: Seated statue of Gudea holding temple plan
Period: Neo-Sumerian
SIgnificance: Gods told him to rebuild temples, brought back city-states, overflowing cup symbolizes abundance, very precious
Name: Hammurabi’s Law Code
Period: Babylonian
Significance: extensive/ strict laws cuneiform writing, Hammurabi on left, shamash on right
Name: Reconstruction drawing of the citadel of Sargon II
Significance:
Name: Ashurbanipal II Being Attacked By a Lion
Period: Assyrian
Significance: Killing lions was a manly royal virtue equal to victory in warfare
Name: Hunting Scene Ashirbanipal
Period: Assyrian
Significance: The hunt was a common subject of Assyrian palace reliefs, killing lions was an impressive feat
Name: Assyrian archers pursuing enemies
Period: Assyrian
Significance: Ashurnasirpal drove his enemys forces into the Euphrates river, compression of the scene, artists purpose to tell story clearly and concisely
Name: Lamassu, citadel of Sargon II
Period: Assyrian
Significance: Ancient sculptors insisted on a full view of animals, composite perspective, guarded the Assyrian palace
Name: Dying Lioness
Period: Assyrian
Significance: Lion hunts common for a royal activity
Name: Ishtar Gate (restored)
Period: Neo-Babylonian
Significance: Nebuchadnezzar IIs Babylon was one of the ancient worlds greatest cities, this gate was one of the seven wonders of the world
Name:Processional frieze (detail) on the terrace of the apadana,
Period: Archaemenid
Significance: Depicted representatives of 23 nations bringing tribute to the Persian King
Name: Rosetta Stone
Period:?
Significance: key to understanding language, info on who gets what in the temple, 1st section is hieroglyphics, 2nd demotics, 3rd Greek
Name: Palette of Narmar
Period: Late Dynastic
Significance: for makeup, combo of function and style, Narmer is large fig., papyrus and vutlture rep. Lower Egypt, lotus and cobra rep. Upper Egypt, horned god Hathor, 2 long necked animals show unity
Name: Section (top), plan (center),and restored view (bottom) of typical Egyptian mastaba tombs.
Artist: IMHOTEP
Name: Stepped Pyramid and mortuary precinct of Djoser
Period: Early dynastic
Significance: 1st name known in architecture, similar form to Mesopotamia, columns influenced Greeks, funerary complex
Name:Great Pyramids of Gizeh
(Menkaure, Khafre, Khufu)
Period: Old Kingdom
Significance: discovered a large city next to pyramids, built as a public project, labor as tax, Rah the sun god lived inside Pyramid, magical poswers in the shape, pharoah entombed within after mummification, 8 wonders of the world
Name: Fowling Scene
Period: New Kingdom
Significance: Nebamun’s wife and daughter accompany him on his hunt for fowl, enjoying recreation in his eternal afterlife
Name: Sunboat
Period: New Kingdom.
Significance: Egyptians thought the sun boat took you into the afterlife, sun god Re
Name: Book of the Dead
Period: New Kingdom
Significance: contained spells and prayers, weighing of Hunifer’s heart against a feather before Osiris
Name: Mummy of Ramses II
Period: New Kingdom
Significance: built big temple in honor of his patron god and after death for his own worship
Name: Canopic Jars
Significance: used by the Ancient Egyptians during the mummification process to store and preserve the viscera of their owner for the afterlife
Name: Menkaure and Khamerernebty
Period: Old Kingdom
Significance: displays conventional postures, high relief scuplture, frozen gestures indicate marriage
Name: Prince Rahotep and Wife
Period: Old Kingdom
Significance: subtractive method
Name: Ka-Aper
Period: Old Kingdom
Significance: Obesity characterized many nonroyal male Old Kingdom portraits
Name: Seated Scribe
Period: Old Kingdom
Significance: idealism did not extend to the portrayal of non-elite individuals, more realistic portrait with signs of aging
Name: Nilometer
Period:
Significance:
Name: Great Sphinx
Period: Old Kingdom
Significance: some scholars think it portrays Khufu, lion with human head associated with sun god, composite form
Name: Rock-cut tombs Beni Hasan
Period: Middle Kingdom
Significance: fluted column shafts, hollowed out cliffs, characteristic of Middle Kingdom
Name: Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
Period: New Kingdom
Significance: woman who became king because her son the heir was too young, after death son sought revenge and destroyed all statues and monuments
Name: Temple of Amon-Re
Period: New Kingdom
Significance: bilateral symmetry, columns hieroglyphics for prayer to gods, clerestory windows, hypostyle hall
Name: Cartoosh
Period: New Kingdom
Significance: the signature of the pharoah
Name: Temple of Amun (Pylon and Court of Ramesses II) also known as Temple at Luxor
Period: New Kingdom
Significance: obelisks are in different parts of the world, columns are lotus blossoms, unity of upper and lower Egypt
Name: Akhenaton
Period: Amarna
Significance: Androgenous figure is a deliberate reaction against tradition, attempt to portray the pharoah as Aton, the sexless sun disk
Name: Nefertiti
Period: Amarna
Significance: Akhenton’s influential wife, elegant beauty with exaggerated long neck
Name: King Tut on Lotus Blossom
Period: Post-Amarna
Significance: Wooden, only pharoah whose mummy left in tomb, died young
Name: Akhenaton at Temple of Aton
Period: Amarna
Significance: very informal scene, family shown in weird proportion, sun god radiating with cobra
Name: King Tut’s Tomb; Selket (Scorpion Goddess)
Period: Post- Amarna
Significance: golden figures put into tomb for protection and blessing in the afterlife
Name: King Tut Death Mask (Innermost Coffin)
Period: Post- Amarna
Significance: Gold inlay with stones, amazing goldsmiths, idealized feautres and cobra headdress
Name: Temple of Ramses II; Abu Simbel
Period: New Kingdom
Significance: 60s had to be moved for Aswan dam, rock cut images of Ramses II, mortuary temple, inside himself dressed as Osiris, during solstice light fills the back corridor
