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Animal Nutrition > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The sum of the processes in an animal by which food substances are consumed, metabolized and waste products are eliminated.

A

Nutrition

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2
Q

Any material that aids in the support of life in a normal healthy animal.

A

Nutrient

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3
Q

Any product, whether of natural or synthetic origin, that when properly used in the diet has nutritional value.

a. Natural -corn, wheat, alfalfa, soybeans, potatoes
b. Natural, processed- soybean meal, wheat germ meal, alfalfa leaf meal, distillers dried solubles
c. Synthetic -a pure nutrient such as vitamin E

A

Feed or Feedstuff

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4
Q

Protein, carbs, water, lipids, vitamins, minerals, (energy)

A

Nutrient Classes

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5
Q

A combination of feedstuffs.

A

Diet

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6
Q

Amount of feed consumed by (or provided to) an animal in a 24 hr period.

A

Ration

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7
Q

A feed or feed mixture used with another feed or feed mixture to improve the nutritional balance of a diet.
Can be: fed undiluted, fed free choice, or mixed with the diet.

A

Supplement

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8
Q

A feedstuff which supplies nutrients high in energy and contains < 18% fiber as crude fiber

A

Concentrate

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9
Q

A feedstuff containing > 18% fiber as crude fiber

A

Roughage

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10
Q

The physical & chemical reactions feedstuffs undergo from intake to absorption from the gut.

A

Digestion

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11
Q

Movement of nutrients from GI tract through gut wall into the lymph system, blood stream, and cells.

A

Absorption

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12
Q

Movement of nutrients from absorption site to cells of the body

A

Distribution

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13
Q

The chemical processes that nutrients undergo after absorption

A

Metabolism

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14
Q

Any constructive process by which simple
substances are converted into more complex
substances

A

Anabolism

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15
Q

Any destructive process by which complex
substances are converted into more simple
compounds

A

Catabolism

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16
Q

Biocatalysts, secreted by living cells, which activate and/or accelerate chemical reactions;

A

Enzymes

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17
Q

activate the enzymes

A

Cofactors

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18
Q

which function in conjunction with the enzymes; these are not a permanent part of the enzyme; they often act as intermediate carriers of electrons or as functional groups for transport of chemical moieties

A

Coenzymes

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19
Q

Chemical agents synthesized by particular parts of the body which are then carried by the blood to other parts of the body where they elicit a physiological response by action on specific tissues or organs

A

Hormones

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20
Q

main constituent of plants

A

CHO

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21
Q

as plant matures protein moves to…

A

the seeds

22
Q

the plant leaves have higher protein than the…

A

stems

23
Q

Low digestibility due to high fiber content (cellulose, lignin), e.g. hay, straw, silage

A

Roughages

24
Q

Low crude fiber and high starch, e.g. corn, milo, wheat

A

Concentrates

25
Q

What makes up most the plant body?

A

ash 70% Ca and P

26
Q

Ash content of plants that makes up leaves?

A

Ca

27
Q

Ash content of plants that makes up seeds?

A

P

28
Q

As plants mature what decreases?

A

Digestibility

29
Q

Functions of GI tract?

A

protection from microbes, transport ingested food, solubilize nutrients (mechanical and chemical digestion), absorb nutrients, excrete waste

30
Q

Hormones stimulating saliva?

A

Gastrin
Secretin
CCK (cholecystokinin)
Somatostatin

31
Q

Enzyme in the mouth?

A

Amylase (ptyalin)

32
Q

Stomach enzymes?

A

pepsinogen, HCL

33
Q

Pancreas enzymes?

A

pancreatic amylase, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, lipase

34
Q

Liver enzyme?

A

Bile

35
Q

Small intestine enzyme?

A

Lactase

36
Q

What is the ratio of protein to ash in the animal body?

A

80:20

37
Q

Plant energy storage?

A

CHO or starch

38
Q

Animal energy storage?

A

fat

39
Q

Primary nutrient for structure in plants?

A

carbs (cellulose)

40
Q

Primary nutrient for structure in animals?

A

Minerals or protein

41
Q

those products arising from the processing of various plant materials (and
sometimes animal) for human food or industrial purposes.

A

By products or coproducts

42
Q

Amylase works on?

A

starch

43
Q

HCL works on?

A

activating pepsinogen

44
Q

feces eating

A

Coprophagy

45
Q

finger-like projections called that serve to greatly increase the surface area and, thus, absorption?

A

Villi or micro-villi

46
Q

Which cell type is responsible for the secretion of hydrochloric acid

A

Parietal cells

47
Q

Trypsinogen works on?

A

Turning proteins into peptides

48
Q

Chymotrypsinogen works on?

A

Turning proteins into peptides

49
Q

Lipase works on?

A

fats

50
Q

Bill works on?

A

fat emulsification

51
Q

Lactase works on?

A

Lactose

52
Q

Pepsinogen works on?

A

protein

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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