Test 1: 2+3 : diarrhea part 1 + 2

Question 1

what viruses cause diarrhea in calves

Answer 1

rotavirus

coronavirus

Question 2

rotavirus does what

Answer 2

cause villi blunting in the small intestine

fecal oral spread

absorption returns in 10 days

Question 3

why 50% asymptomatic for rotavirus

Answer 3

only blunt tip of villi

still have a lot of normal enterocytes left in GI

Question 4

clinical signs of coronavirus in calves

Answer 4

Depression, reluctance to nurse, diarrhea

Severe cases
Dehydration, acidosis, recumbency, and death

5-30 days

Question 5

where does coronavirus in cows work?

Answer 5

villus blunting in small intestine (jejunum) and large intestine (colon)

Mucohemorrhagic enterocolitis

Protracted malabsorptive diarrhea

Question 6

what does coronarvirus in calves cause

Answer 6

Villous blunting in jejnumum and colon
– Mucohemorrhagic enterocolitis
– Protracted malabsorptive diarrhea

Question 7

how to prevent coronavirus in cows

Answer 7

spread fecal oral and respiratory secretion= remove poop

give good quality colostrum

vaccinate: BCV and Ecoli combo vaccine

cause malabsorptive diarrhea and mucohemorrhagic enterocolitis from villi blunting in the jejunum and colon

Question 8

ETEC cause

Answer 8

watery secretory diarrhea
< 5 days old
attack enterocytes in the jejunum

enterotoxigenic E. coli

Question 9

how does ETEC work

Answer 9

Ecoli bind to enterocyte in jejunum and releases enterotoxins that cause the cell to release of H20, Cl, HCO

will cause secretory watery diarrhea in < 5 day old calves

Question 10

why do calves with ETEC die

Answer 10

loose so much bicarb that they become acidotic and die

Question 11

AEEC is what

Answer 11

attaching and effacing Ecoli

ecoli that produce verotoxin (shiga like toxin)

Question 12

clinical signs of AEEC

Answer 12

Older calves, usually second week

Mucohemorrhagic diarrhea, straining, colic

attaching and effacing ecoli that produce verotoxin/shiga-like toxin that destroy microvilli leading to enterocyte effacement and microvasuclar damage

Question 13

AEEC works by

Answer 13

attaching and effacing ecoli that produce verotoxin/shiga-like toxin that destroy microvilli in the jejunum leading to enterocyte effacement and microvasuclar damage

cause mucohemorrhagic diarrhea, straining, colic

NO vaccine

Zoonotic

Question 14

which ecoli is zoonotic for calves

Answer 14

AEEC 0157:H7

ecoli produce verotoxin/shiga-like toxin that destory microvilli

Question 15

calf with diarrhea < 5 days old probably has

Answer 15

ETEC K99

cause secretory water diarrhea

ecoli bind to enterocyte and release enterotoxin that causes cell to produce HCO3

calves die from loss of bicarb and becoming acidotic

Question 16

clinical signs of salmonella in calves

Answer 16

bloody diarrhea

wipe out all the villi in the intestine- can be expelled as cast

salmonella release enterotoxins, endotoxins and invade into cells causing septicemia

zoonotic

Question 17

reservoir for salmonella in cows

Answer 17

• Carrier cattle (shed for months to years)
• Contaminated foods (animal by-products)
• Environment (hardy – months)

Question 18

clinical signs of clostridium

Answer 18

deadly

necrotozing and hemorrhgic exotoxins cause bloody diarrhea

may die before you see this
do necropsy

Question 19

how does cyrptosporidia cause diarrhea

Answer 19

live under brush border of enterocytes and cause villi atrophy and fusion

cause malabsorptive diarrhea

ZOONOTIC

Question 20

how to treat crypto in calves

Answer 20

NO treatment

try to keep clean, but hard cause oocysts produced are already infectious and calves can autoinfect by licking themselves

disinfect and UV light