Test 1 Flashcards
What are the mass number and atomic mass of an element with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?
12
If the atomic weight of an element is 12 and its atomic number is 6, how many electrons and neutrons are there in an atom of this element?
6
Mention three subatomic particles of an atom and their charges.
Protons, positive charge. Neutron, no electric charge. Electrons, negative charge.
What is neutral pH? What is the pH of blood?
Neutral pH is 7. pH of blood is 7.4
Which is more acidic: vinegar with a pH of 3 or lemon juice with a pH of 2?
Lemon juice is more acidic
Explain covalent and ionic bonds.
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons while ionic bonds involve the transferring of electrons.
Name the trace elements in the human body discussed in class.
Iron, iodine, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, fluoride, etc.
Explain dehydration and hydrolysis reactions.
Dehydration is when water is removed from a bond. Hydrolysis is when water is added to break a bond.
What are the monomers of carbohydrates? Give examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides: Glucose, fructose, galactose.
Disaccharides: Sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose), maltose (glucose + glucose)
Polysaccharides: Starch, glycogen, cellulose
- What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
- How is saturated fat different from unsaturated fat in structure?
Saturated has single bonds while unsaturated has two or more
Two examples of nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
Structure of phospholipids
Hydrophilic phosphate head (jellyfish head that likes water) hydrophobic fatty acid tails (jellyfish tentacles that hate water)
Structure of cholesterol
four ringed structure with a hydrocarbon tail and hydroxyl (-OH) group
Monomers of sucrose lactose and maltose
Glucose fructose
Glucose galactose
Glucose glucose
What is the storage form of polysaccharides in plants and animals?
Starch in plants and glycogen in animals
Which lipid is part of the plasma membrane? Give examples of lipids
Phospholipids; lipids include fat, oil, phospholipids and steroids
What are organic compounds?
Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen (Ex: Carbs, lipids, proteins..)
Examples of proteins and their functions
Keratin- skin, hair, and nail health
Collagen- Prevents wrinkles, skins, bones, tendons (structural support)
Hormones- Insulin and growth hormone
What are enzymes?
Protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed
