Chapter 2 Flashcards
MATTER
Any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume
MATTER IS FOUND ON EARTH IN THREE PHYSICAL STATES
Solid, gas, liquid
An atom is…
smallest unit of matter
Proton
positive charge
electron
negative charge
neutron
has no electrical charge
Protons and neutrons are located in the…
nucleus
the number of protons determines…
the chemical element (atomic number)
the number of neutrons determines the…
isotope
the number of electrons determines…
ion state and chemical reactivity
atomic number
number of protons
atomic mass
sum of protons and neutrons
ph of water is…
7
ph of blood is…
7.4
0-7 ph is
most acidic
ph 7-14 is
most basic
each ph unit represents
a ten fold change
acids
release hydrogen ions
bases
donate hydroxide
neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
molecule
a substance consisting of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio
compound
sharing of electrons
covalent bond
equal sharing of electrons
nonpolar covalent bond
unequal sharing of electrons
polar covalent bonds
what is neutral ph?
7 (ex: water)
positive charged H attracted to negative charged O gives rise to…
water polarity
transfer of electrons
ionic bond
weak bond between a hydrogen atom and a more electronegative atom (like oxygen)
hydrogen bond
adhesion & cohesion, high specific heat, solvent, density
properties of water
micromolecule
amino acids, monosaccharide, nucleotide
macromolecule
proteins, polysaccharide, DNA
