Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is a gunpowder empire?
A
Refers to large multiethnic states that relied on firearms to conquer and control their territories
2
Q
What were the three gunpowder empires?
A
Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal empires
3
Q
What were societies like during the gunpowder empires?
A
They all tended to be militaristic
4
Q
Why did the gunpowder empires decline?
A
Because western Europe grew in strength economically and militarily(Navy)
5
Q
What countries did Russia modernize its military after?
A
England, France and the Netherlands
6
Q
Which gunpowder empire was the last to fall?
A
The Ottoman, turned into modern Turkey
7
Q
What were some similarities of the gunpowder empires?
A
Were from nomadic Turkic backgrounds, spoke forms of the Turkic family of languages, took advantage of power, vacuums, relied on armies with artillery
8
Q
What did the invasion of Tamerlane do?
A
Set the stage for the rise of the Turkic empires
9
Q
What was Samarkand
A
A trading city
10
Q
Why did tamer Lane move out of Samarkand?
A
To make ruthless conquest in Persia and India
11
Q
What was the ghazi ideal
A
A model for warrior life that blended the cooperative values of thematic culture with the willingness to serve as a holy fighter for Islam
12
Q
What was Tamerlan’s invasions a testament to?
A
The significance of gunpowder
13
Q
Which was the largest gunpowder empire?
A
The Ottoman
14
Q
What was the Ottoman Empire founded by?
A
The osman dynasty
15
Q
What was Mehmed call
A
The conqueror
16
Q
What did Mehmed do
A
Captured Constantinople and changed the name to Istanbul
17
Q
What did the city Istanbul control?
A
The Bosporus straight
18
Q
What was the name of the famous landmark that started during Mehmeds reign
A
Topkapi Palace
19
Q
What city did Mehmed not capture?
A
Venice, but made them pay a yearly tax
20
Q
What happen when the Maluk dynasty decline
A
Istanbul became a center of Islam
21
Q
What was devshrime
A
Christian boys who are subjects of the empire, were recruited by forced to serve in the Ottoman government
22
Q
Who were the janissaries
A
A group in the Ottoman army that contained elite forces
23
Q
What were scribes
A
A person who made manuscripts
24
Q
What were janisarries called
A
Slaves of the state
25
When did the Ottoman Empire reach its peak?
Under the rule of Suleiman 1
26
What was Vienna
The main city in Austria
27
What caused great fear from the Ottoman
Their ability to send troops so far into the Christian Europe
28
What did suleiman capture
The island of Rhodes, and Tripoli in Africa
29
What was suleimans given name
The law giver
30
What was the ottoman economy like
Use tax money that was paid from other countries towards their government military, trade also played an important role
31
What was religious tolerance like?
They tolerated other religions as long as they paid taxes
32
How was agriculture like in the Ottoman Empire?
They learned many things from the Americas to grow new crops
33
What were viziers
Strong advisors that occupied influential positions in a government
34
What is harem
A residence were a man’s wives and concubines lived
35
How did the Ottoman empire decline?
After the battle of Lepanto
36
What did the Ottoman empire get known as?
The sick man of Europe
37
What replaced the Justinian law?
The shariah
38
What was banned by Islamic law?
Coffee houses
39
World War II main problems of Safavids had to face
They were on the Arabian Sea and had no real navy, and they lacked natural defenses
40
What did ismail do?
He was known as a military hero of the south of it, empire and conquered most of Persia
41
What is shah
King or emperor
42
What was the city Tabriz
A city in Persia that became part of the border between Sunni and Shia societies
43
What was the nickname of shah Abbas 1
Abbas the great
44
What did the Safavid rulers create?
A theocracy
45
What was the straight of Hormuz
A vital waterway between the Persian Gulf and the gulf of Oman
46
Mahmud declared himself what after oppressing the Safavid empire
Shah of Persia
47
Who was Babur
A descendant of Tamerlane, he completed conquests informed a central government under the Mughal empire
48
What did Akbar do during his reign
Defeated Hindu armies and extended the Mughal empire
49
Where was the capital located in Mughal empire
Delhi
50
Zaminders
Capable man for many parts of central Asia that helped Akbar create a strong centralized government
51
What was Sufism
Having a close relationship with god and spiritual practices
52
Castes
Social grouping in India
53
Who was the Taj Mahal built by
Shah Jahan
54
Why was the Taj Mahal built
As a tomb for Shah jahan’s wife
55
What did Aurangzeb do
Less toleration toward different religions, other than Islam
56
Who are the Mongols?
They were for and invaders who took over the lands of the Muslim empire
57
Fun fact about suleiman
Wrote some of the most beautiful poetry of his time
58
What empire did the Ottoman empire replace?
The Byzantine empire
59
What dream did Osman have?
A tree growing out of him and spreading everywhere
60
What was a major accomplishment? About bayzid the thunderstruck
Double the empire in about a decade
61
Who is the biggest trading partner for the Ottoman Empire?
Portugal
62
How many campaigns did suleiman go on
13
63
Who did the Ottomans ally with during World War I?
Germany
64
Who is the founder of the Mughal empire
Zahiruddin Muhammad
65
Two accomplishments of Akbar’s
He brought the Mughal empire together and stretched all the way to Gujarat
66
What was sati
When women burned themselves alive on their husbands tomb
67
Combination of Hinduism and Islam
Din-I-ilahi
68
Who conquered most of Persia
Ismail
69
Which leader used gun powder but did not leave a political structure
Tamerlane
70
What were the Safavid
Shia
71
Who led the Mughal empire at its highest
Shah jahan
72
How was kings Philip II, Louis XIV, Peter the great, and Frederick granted power
Philip II- the gods
Louis XIV-born into power because of wealthy family
Peter the great-god
Frederick III-the legislative branch was abolished which gave him full power
73
What is absolutism
The small shift to the transition to monarchs which included one true ruler who had all power
74
What were Noble’s allowed to do during the French war of religion?
Nobles had the ability to create their own army outside of the main monarch
75
How did monarchy become popular?
Once lots of people started to fund armies and support the rulers decisions
76
What was Louis XIV nickname?
He was called the Sun King(Apollo)
77
When did the transformation to an absolute monarchy start?
Under Louis XIII rule who was the son of Henry IV
78
What was a regent
A person to administer a country because the leader is a minor
79
What were intendants
Royal officials
80
What did Richelieu do
He stopped many revolts that tried changing the monarch which made him a good man
81
What was Richelieu main focus
Taxing people so the government of France could get money to fund the army
82
What was a cardinal
A princess of the church, Richelieu wanted to become king of France one day
83
What was Louis XIV main focus
He wanted to become much more powerful than the nobles because they threatened him when he was a baby
84
How was the palace of Versailles built
By people under Louis XIV
85
What did Noble’s do to get a higher political status?
They tried doing anything they can to get close to him
86
What did Colbert do
He was keeping the nobles and check to make sure they didn’t try to revolt
87
Did Louis XIV tolerate different religions
He did not allow for cultural toleration and people were forced to become Catholic or they would be exiled
88
When did France decline?
After Louis XIV died, France became a chaotic place with a low revenue they had after many wars
89
When did feudalism decline?
When monarch started to increase in Europe
90
What were French Protestants called
Huguentos
91
What did Henry IV do to fix the conflict between the Catholics and Protestants
Declared the edict of Nantes
92
What happens when Louis XIV was 7
A civil war broke out, called the Fronde
93
What did Louis XIV believe
He was the government( L’etat c’est moi)
94
What was Russia influenced by
The Byzantine empire, but they were captured by the mongols
95
Who was Ivan III
He was the first czar of Russia
96
What Russia as modernized as Western Europe
No Russia was not
97
Another name for nobles
Boyars
98
What did Peter the great do
In disguise, Peter went to Europe to learn ways to industrialized Russia
99
What did Peter the great learn from Europe
Learn new ideas about shipbuilding, manufacturing, government, organization, city planning, music, and fashion
100
What did Peter ban
Beards, but if Warren, you had to pay a tax
101
Who built the capital at St. Petersburg
Peter the great
102
What happened during WWI FOR RUSSIA
Russia was not as modernized and was overthrown and new government was based on socialism
103
What was streltsy
An elite military led by boyars
104
What did Peter do to the church
He overthrew the orthodox church by abolishing the head of the church
105
What was a disadvantage of Peter going to Europe
He was 6’9 and stood out compared to all the people
106
What happened to serfs In trying to industrialize Russia
They went more into serfdom
107
How did Catherine the great legitimize her power
United with the church
108
What was the pale of settlement
The pile of settlement is where Jews were placed after Russia gained land in Poland
109
What were Cossacks
They were fierce fighters that were considered served at the time
110
What was Yemelyan
Was a peasant revolt against Catherine, the great
111
What did Alexander II do
Made the emancipation to free all slaves
112
What did people fight against Russia
Because they were scared that Russia was going to expand
113
What was Englands government
A limited monarchy
114
What did the nobles force King John to do
To sign the Magna Carta, which limited his powers and protected the citizens
115
Who was Elizabeth I
Was a great ruler for England and refused to share power with other and never married
116
What did Elizabeth I do for religion
Made Anglicanism the main religion in England
117
What happened to England after the death of Elizabeth
James VI of Scotland and tried to make it a monarchy
118
What was the glorious revolution
A civil war between parliament and Stuart king
119
What did James I do
He followed the traditions of England and then started to ignore the Magna Carta
120
What did James do to the Bible
He called for a translation of the Bible
121
What did Charles I do
He summoned a parliament to gain more money for his own life and not for the country
122
What did Charles do to parliament
He created it, then dissolved it, later the petition of right stated that the law was higher than the king
123
Who were the cavaliers
Supporters of Charles
124
The round head
Supporters of parliament
125
What was the scientific revolution
Europe experiences many new ideas in science
126
What did people start questioning
Everything
127
Who was Galileo Galilei
Made law of pendulum, better telescopes and falling objects accelerate at a fixed rate
128
Francis bacon
Created the scientific method,
129
Rene Descartes
Existence of things should be questioned
130
Issac newton
Created ideas of motion, calculus
131
Andres Vesalius
He dissected human corpses and made the first drawings of the body
132
William Harvey
Discovered many things about the heart and blood
133
Robert Boyle
Used scientific method in chem for first time, world is made of elements within elements
