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Art History Test 1 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q
A

Birth of Venus

Glorified beauty of female body. At the time Catholic church disaproved of pagan deities.

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2
Q
A

Les Demoiselles D’Avignon

Originally mean to be a painting of a brothel, eventually ended up in Cubism. Inspired by the Mboom masks.

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3
Q
A

Ceremonial Mask Known as a Mboom or Bwoom

Used in African Masquerades, was used to represent a people who the king had dominion over. Reanactment of important creation events

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4
Q
A

The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations Millennium General Assembly

Made by an untrained artist after his janitor day job with ordinary materials. 180 pieces

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5
Q
A

Genesis

Blends self expression and innovation, but also recreating old forms.
Innovating by painting thick oil strokes on newspapser. Preserving old native symbols.

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6
Q
A

Mirror Image I

Everything is black, but the value differences in the black are caused by bouncing light.

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7
Q
A

Car

Example of volume use, with little mass.

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8
Q
A

Ceiling of Cave 26

Example of needing to look at architecture from many angles. More unfolds in time with viewers motion.
One side of the cave has Parinirvana, sculpture of death of Buddha

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9
Q
A

Parinirvana

Example of needing to look at architecture from many different angles.

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10
Q
A

The Binocular Entrance to the Chiat Building

Emphasize how scale and proportion draw attention and shows importance.

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11
Q
A

Electronic Super Highway

All sorts of media can make art.

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12
Q
A

Knight, Death, and Devil

Example of metal engraving. Engraving produces thin, precise lines

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13
Q
A

Sasa

Woven from copper and aluminum scraps. Salvaged objects.

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14
Q
A

Monumental Heads

Freestanding sculptures, can be viewed from all sides and used in different settings.

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15
Q
A

Golf Bag

Made of clay, with great detail. Modelingis pushing and pulling a malleable substance

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16
Q
A

First Landing Jump

Combined oil with many found objects, creating an assemblage.

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17
Q
A

Junk

DVD projection on fiberglass. Comments on neediness, insecurity, and self-centerdness with work that is both funny and annoying.

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18
Q
A

Drawing for Transient Rainbow

Gunpowder on paper. Art can be made of many materials.

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19
Q
A

Nighthawks

Subtext. Loneliness, impending doom. WW2

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20
Q
A

Yama

Complex iconography that refers to Buddhist religious beliefs. Indian God of death fights agains inner demons like hate and lust.

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21
Q
A

The Night Watch

Example of portrait of middle class rather than royalty. Not at night.

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22
Q
A

Speechless

Islamic women in a country where women’s right and actions are limited by religious law.

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23
Q
A

The New York City Waterfalls

About location. Tries to encourage new yorks to go back to the waterfront

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24
Q
A

Black Iris

Impermanence of meaning. Originally about love of nature, but some see sexual meaning.

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25
Q
A

Judith and Holofernes

Her artwork was originally attributed to her father.

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26
Q
A

Excavations of Ancient Houses at Catal Huyuk

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27
Q
A

Hall of Bulls

Probably used in rituals. About bounty in nature and food supply.

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28
Q
A

Witchetty Grub Dreaming

Contour map of australia showing food sources. Central part is the ancestor grub.

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29
Q
A

Basket

Each woman had one, stains on inside, used.

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30
Q
A

Pie Counter

Food as a visual display rather than nutrition for the body.

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31
Q
A

Artichoke, Halved

Focused on form and structure.

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32
Q
A

The Dinner Party

Celebrates signficant women in western culture. Somewhat related to the Last Supper.

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33
Q
A

Gnaw

Used substance and materials socially defined as female fetishes.

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34
Q
A

Venus of Willendorf

Believed to have the power of fertility

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35
Q

Long Skinny Statue

A

Idol from Amorgos

Thought to be reclined. Fertility idol. Mean to represent female youth.

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36
Q

Abstracted

A

Imagery derived from reality by distorting, enlarging, or dissecting

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37
Q

Content

A

Mass of ideas associated with each artwork

Imagery, symbolism, surroundings, customs, writings

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38
Q

Function

A

Art is intended to do a job within a culture

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39
Q

Idealized

A

Natural imagery is modified in a way that strives for perfection

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40
Q

Guild

A

Specialized societies that preserve technical information

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41
Q

Expressionism

A

Communicates heightened emotions or urgency or spontaneity

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42
Q

Naturalistic

A

Imagery is depicted very much as seen in nature

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43
Q

Visual Culture

A

Imagery that humans create this is important in everyday life

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44
Q

Popular Culture

A

Often more accessible, inexpensive, entertaining, commercial, political, or colorful than fine art

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45
Q

Representational

A

Contains entities from the world in recognizable form

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46
Q

Style

A

The art output of a whole culture or of an individual artist.

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47
Q

Aesthetics

A

The look and feel of an artwork and the attributes that elevate it above other objects.

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48
Q

Elements of Art

A

Line, Light and Value, Color, Texture, Shape, Space, Time ad Motion

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49
Q

Principles of Design

A

Balance, Rhythm, Proportion, Emphasis, Unity, Variety

50
Q

Arch

A

Dates back to Egypt, wedge shaped stones that lean on each other. Rest on piers.

51
Q

Biomorphic

A

Shapes that resemble living beings

52
Q

Composition

A

Arrangement of formal elements in a work of art

53
Q

Contour Lines

A

Mark important edges of 3d objects

54
Q

Gesture

A

Lines that are rapid and sketchy, mimic the the movement of human eyes. Gesture drawings give general shapes without details

55
Q

Vault

A

Roofs made with arches

56
Q

Hieratic Scale

A

Device that points to the highest ranking person in the scene using scaling

57
Q

Implied versus Actual

A

Actual: Physically existing elements
Implied: Not physically existing, but seem real

58
Q

Linear Perspective

A

Parallel lines appear to converge as they recede.

59
Q

Modeling

A

Shading - create appearance of natural light on objects

60
Q

Organic

A

Same as biomorphic. Resembles living things

61
Q

Primary

A

Combine to produce largest number of new colors.

62
Q

Secondary

A

Mixing two primary colors

63
Q

Tertiary

A

One primary color with a neighboring secondary color

64
Q

Formalism

A

Study of the elements and principles of art

65
Q

What is the structure of a Feldman critique? What can we gain from doing one?

A

1) Description
2) Analysis
3) Interpretation
4) Judgement

Inductive process for understanding and evaluating the significance of art.

66
Q

What are some of the purposes of art?

A

1) Reflect customs and concerns related to food, shelter, and reproduction
2) Helps us conceive divinity and create places of worship
3) Serves and commemorates the dead
4) Reveals political and social injustice
5) Entertainment
6) Promotes cohesion within a social group

67
Q

Difference between fine art, popular culture, and craft? (Concept 1)

A

Fine Art - Refined objects considered to be among the highest cultural achievements of the human race. The type of art this is displayed in museums

Popular Culture - Popular art is often perceived as being more accessible, inexpensive, entertaining, commercial, political, naive, or colorful than fine art.

Craft - Usually making objects instead of images. Often utilitarian in purpose

Overlap example: Jose Guadalupe Poster shows two running skeletons that represent assassins.

68
Q

Thematic vs Chronological approach?

A

Thematic often misses the deeper context surrounding a period. It takes more effort to really understand a piece of art.

Chronological misses connections and similarities that may be made across different time periods or culture, such as architectural developments.

69
Q

What is art?

A

Depends on the culture! For the US, Art is primarily a visual medium that is used to express ideas about our human experience and the world around us. We can understand art by looking at function, visual form, content, and aesthetics.

70
Q

Refracted Light

A

Light through a prism

71
Q

Reflected Light

A

Objects absorb some of spectrum and reflect the rest

72
Q

Hue

A

Pure state of the color

73
Q

Value

A

Lightness or darkness in a hue

74
Q

Additive Colors

A

Light emitting media. All light together makes white.

75
Q

Subtractive

A

Mixing more and more pigments results in a darker color.

76
Q

How does color influence meaning in art?

A

Colors can be symbolic (christmas)
Colors are associated with ideas
Colors are associated with emotions

77
Q

Assemblage

A

A collection of found objects

78
Q

Binder

A

Substance that holds the components once dried

79
Q

Fresco

A

Paint on a plaster wall

80
Q

Lost wax method

A

Method for casting bronze sculptures. Waxed is melted out

81
Q

installation

A

Installations are mixed-media artworks design for a specific space.

82
Q

print making

A

Process of making art using a printing plate.

83
Q

ready mades

A

Found objects that are barely edited

84
Q

photography

A

Light sensitive surface s exposed to light through a lens

85
Q

found objects

A

Objects from real life that are incorporated into artwork

86
Q

subtractive process

A

Material is taken away

87
Q

additive process

A

Material is added

88
Q

tromp l’oeil

A

“Fool the eye” - artwork that is so realistic that it looks real

89
Q

relief

A

Non printed areas are cut away so that printing areas are raised

90
Q

performance art

A

Live action event that is staged as artwork

91
Q

classical

A

Art based on ancient Greece, prioritizing ideal proportion surrounding the human figure

92
Q

combines

A

Works that are both painting and sculpture

93
Q

mobiles

A

Kinetic works of art

94
Q

How does the medium used by artists influence the way we perceive art and the value we may give to a particular piece?

A

The medium chosen does influence the meaning of a work of art. Skull with diamonds “For the Love of God”, a symbol of death lined with worldly pleasures. It is not necessarily tied to the value of the piece, but if it influences the meaning in the correct way, it can.

95
Q

Context

A

External conditions that surround a work of art.

96
Q

Abstract expressionism

A

Post WW2 movement that emphasized spontaneous self expression and non representational imagery

97
Q

Iconography

A

System of symbols that allows artists to express complex ideas

98
Q

Deconstructionism

A

Any system is filled with unseen contradictions, myths, and stereotypes.

99
Q

Symbol

A

Image or element that stands for some other entity or concept

100
Q

Post Modern

A

A rejection of modernism. Subjectivity, nuances, and ambiguity

101
Q

Subtext

A

Underlying ideas or messages

102
Q

Content

A

Artwork’s theme or message

103
Q

How does environment or setting influence the meaning of a work of art? (Can you cite an example?)

A

Example would be the waterfall structure in NYC.

104
Q

How does environment or setting influence the meaning of a work of art? (Can you cite an example?)

A

1) Context for Creation
2) Physical Surroundings
3) Method of Encounter

Tibetan Potala Palace -

105
Q

What are different ways to analyze art?

A

1) Formal Analysis
2) Content Analysis
- Subject Matter
- Iconography
3)Physical Surroundings

Ideological Criticism - Political
Modernist Criticism - Notion of Progress
Psychoanalytic Criticism - Product of the individual
Post-Structuralism - multiple meanings to art

Good example for different lenses - maybe NightHawks, Pyscho vs political

106
Q

Who is Clement Greenberg?

A

Art critic of modernist America. He was a champion of Abstractionist Art. Abstractionist art was the necessary conclusion of modern art. He wanted to strip down various out forms and reduce them to the philosophical core of true. Flatness.

107
Q

Paleolithic

A

Stone Age, 30,000 BC, Hunters and gatherers

108
Q

Mesolithic

A

Middle Stone Age, 10,000 BCE, First raising of crops and animals

109
Q

Neolithic

A

New Stone Age, 8000, Expanded Agricultural production and cities

110
Q

Pop Art

A

Glorified Pop Culture Icons

111
Q

Sympathetic Magic

A

Using rituals to bring about rain or good crop harvests

112
Q

Renaissance

A

A rebirth of the learning and arts of the Greek and Roman cultures

113
Q

International Style

A

Bare steel and glass, self contained and with controlled access, in worlds largest cities.

114
Q

Ancestor Dreaming

A

Australian aboriginal system of beliefs that accounts for cosmos, creation, survival, and location of food. Past along through song and dance

115
Q

Archaic

A

Greek Archaic period 650-600 BCE

116
Q

Vanitas

A

that is, the impermanence of all earthly things and the inevitability of death.

117
Q

What is the role of art making in ancient societies as it pertains to survival?

A

Art was used in a ritualistic way to promote good crops and good hunts. You can look at Hall of Bulls as an example. Also the Aboriginal Australians.

118
Q

Describe how different cultures have created art to aid in fertility.

A

Made sculptures and figurines as talismans for good health and fertility. This was in Austria.
In Polynesia they made figurines for Male fertility as well. God was Te Rongo.

Art was also made to decorate rooms where fertility rituals for Dionysos took place.

Native Americans used figures to cast “Love spells”

119
Q

Different ways food and eating is represented in art?

A

1) Vanitas
2) Art the glorifies the aesthetic qualities of food (Pie counter)
3) Buddhist simplicity paintings
4) Experimentation with media (artichoke)
5) Social events (last supper)

120
Q

What makes a utilitarian object art?

A

In addition, however, they display aesthetic and/or conceptual attributes that go beyond mundane use

Art History Test 1 (3 decks)

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