Art History Test 2 Flashcards
Hammurabi Stele
Babylon
King Stands before Sun God and God of Justice (Shamash). Commands Hammurabi to record the law.
Snake Goddess
Fertility Goddess - represents both male and female fertility powers.
Glazed Earthenware
Great Stupa
Contains the ashes or relics of a Buddha
Whole structures represents Siddhartha Guatama, or the original Buddha
Mound represents the World Mountain, dwelling place of ancient Gods
Gates are called Toranas
Square top symbolizes the heavens
Isenheim Alterpiece
Meant to be a realistic picture of a terrible death
Place on the Alter where the Eucharist is served
Not realistic in the sense the John the Baptist is there
Meant to be consolation for patients in the hospital
Sacrifice of Isaac
Body of Isaac is idealized and perfect
Represents the ultimate test of faith in Jewish and Christian Religions
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Origin of the universe, human beings, and sin
Commisioned by the Pope, Michaelangelo preferred sculpting
Show Christian beliefs about origin of the world
Notre Dame du Haut
Catholic Pilgramage destination
Outdoor altar and pulpit for large crowds
Sculpture-like
Symbol for praying hands, boat, and dove wings - divine generosity
Parthenon
Post-and-lintel system
Doric Columns
Optical Illusions built in
Frieze girds the outer top sides
Two football fields long
Taj Mahal
Islamic Mausoleum
Built by ruler of Mughal Empire, Shah Jahan, for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal
The garden is a symbol for paradise
The structure itself represents the throne of Allah
Minarets
Sarcophagus with Reclining Couple
Estrucan art
Tombs laid out like houses
Emphasized sociability and the pleasures of living
Same size of husband and wife reflect a more egalitarian society
Colossal Statue of Constantine
Constantine made Christianity legal, and eventually the empire’s religion
Sheer scale represants how important he was
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
When Egyptians tombs began to be hidden in hillsides, funerary temples become enlarged.
Once housed 200 statues of her
Afterward, her portraits were defaced
Hatshepsut was a female ruler
AIDS Memorial Quilt
Community Art
Thousands of panels, each made by ordinary people
Started by gay activist Cleve Jones
Fundraising tool
Menkaure and his Wife
Display egyptian Ideal of beauty and maturity
Same size as pharaonic succession is through the female line
Meant to show power and divinity of leadership as descendants of the Sun God, Re
Compact pose makes statue durable and permanent
Emporer Justinian and His Attendants
Christian Emporer
Clergy to the Right, Military to the left
Shown as Emporer-priest
12 figures allude to the apostles
Shows rule qualities
Lamassu
Palace Art
Assyrian Empire
Meant to terrify and intimidate those who entered
Horned Crown symbolizes king’s divine power
Hall of Mirrors
Versailles
Classical Baroque
Just as King Louis XIV dominated the French church, nobility, and peasants, he also controlled art, fashion and manners.
Established the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture
Theatrical hall a sign of King’s power
Houses of Parliament
Built to create a national identity and express patriotic spirit
Gothic Revival
Sculptors criticized for breaking away from the Neoclassic style
Meant to be perfect for a Christian nation
Te Papaiouru Marae
New Zealand
Maori Nation
Site for reaffirming tribal values (in opposition to colonialism)
Represented the body of an ancestor
Meant to pass on clan history and traditions to the young
Palette of King Narmer
Used for mixing black eye makeup
Egyptian
Carving is the forceful unification of Egypt
Glorifies war and power of Egypt
Executions of May 3, 1808
Napolean’s soldiers execture rioters outside of madrid
Main man is posed like Jesus
Soliders are dehumanized, with rigid war machine organization
Elegy to the Spanish Republic XXXIV
Painting mourned loss of liberty in spain to Fascist forces
Black parts represent several things - bull’s testicale, berets, living forms being crushed by black bands
Liberty Leading the People
Liberty is like a Greek Goddess
Homage to the 1830 Paris Revolt
A romantic work that combines realistic and idealistic elements
Mr. and Mrs. Andrews without their heads
Protest against colonialism
Headlessness is a commentary on the ruling class in the French revolution
Clothing is from African Culture but made of dutch material
Shows that cultures are now intertwined, a pure culture does not exist
Jean De Dinteville and Georges de Selve
Emphasis on learning rather than authority (both of these men were humanists)
Signs of discord are present, alluding to tension between church and secular authorities
One is a religous leader and one is a political leader
Shibboleth
Title is a word only insiders know
Belonging vs outsider status
These cracks start small but become big
VIsible scar still remains on the floor
Untitled (Selected Writings)
Familiar, yet contradictory or idiotic phrases
The phrases are meant to be half correct, we drive ourselves crazy with a million possibilities
Breakfast Scene
Satirical painting about upper English classes
Widely distributed
MetroMobiltan
Designed to raise social consciousness
Advocates for native Africans in South Africa under apartheid that corporations were profiting off
Echo of a Scream
Spanish Civil War
Giant head represents pain of all unseen victims
Waste as the product of innovation or progress
Nefertiti
Individualized BUT idealized features
new aesthetic canon, which is more relaxed and naturalistic.
Emobdies concept of ancient egyptian beauty
Dolorosa
Video of weeping people played slowly
At first, they look like paintings
Study of emotional states
Self Portrait with Monkey
Surrounded by symbols of her personal history and Mexican history
Bus accident
Animal was her alter ego
Untitled Film Still 53 (Blonde, Close up with Lamp)
Each image is a socially prescribed or media disseminated role.
Shows the fragmentation of a person rather than the piecing onself together like Frida Kahlo
Posed in a variety of costumes and poses in many settings
Doryphoros (Spear-Bearer)
A model of Greek ideal proportions
Restrained emotions
Youth, athlete, warrior
Polykleitos invented the system mathmatical and geometric proportions called the Canon. These is a human however
Lacoon and His sons
Came after the classical era, Greek art began to be more realistic, less ideal
This Hellenestic Greek Style
There is more emotion in this style
Gods sent snakes to kill Laoccon and his sons
Male Torso (Ancestor Figure)
Africa Idea of ideal proportions
Human figure sculpted symmetrically
Depection of an ancestor
Combines naturalistic and abstract features
David
This is a renaissance Nude
More tension than in Doryphoros
Oversized hands express youthfulness
Body is seen as a work of God,
Unique Forms of Continuity in Space
Skin layer does not define the body’s outer edge
Body is a mass of wave energy
Body is pat of the energy and world around it
Handspring, a Flying Pigeon Interfering
We could examine movement as never before with photography.
Used 12 different cameras, athlete pulled on strings connected to each one
The Scream
Psychological Dimension of art
The Artist is Present
The artist’s body and actions are the art piece
She sat immobile for 736 hours for this piece
Guests would sit across form her
Lucifer
Action Painting
Body as an Art Making Tool
Action Painting
The motion of the entire body is significant in creating the painting
Classical
Art from the Greek and Roman Periods, focused on humanism
Contrapposto
Counterbalanced stance, not straight up
Hellenistic
Greek Culture from 323 to 31 BCE. More active and emotional than Classical art.
Stoicism
Individuals urged to endure nobly their fate and state of life.
Surrealism
Fantastic and Dreamlike imagery drawn from subconscious.
Sigmun Freud
Pop Art
Used common commerical items as subject matter.
Often Satire
Gothic
Culture and art of wester Europe from the 12-14th centures. Arches, etc
Idealized
Natural Imagery is modified in a way that strives for perfection
Automatism
Creating art without conscious thought, accessing from the subconscious
Dreamtime Symbols
Clan symbols form the native australian tribes
Barrel Vault
An arched roof extended in depth front to back , creating a tunnel-like structure.
Cubism
Multiple view points or facets are represented from one point of view
Gothic Revival
19th century style that evoke medieval gothic architecture, painting and craft
Neoclassic
18th century revival aof classical greek and roman styles, as well as some renaissance styles
Hypostyle Hall
Hall in which a grid of columns support the roof
Triumphal Arch
Roman Arches that commemorate victories or major building projects. Example: Arch of Titus
Abbot Suger
Leading Cleric during the Gothic era. Viewed Gothic cathedrals as the middle ground between the slime of earth and the purity of heaven
Polytheism
Numerous Gods
Pantheism
All gods are manifestations fo the same universal spirit or being
Stupa
Dome shaped buddhist shrine
Abstract Expressionism
Rejection of traditional artistic standars. Focus on spontaneity, gesture, and emotional expression.
Mandala
Radially balanced, geometric diagram
Lamassu
Divine genie, winged, part lion or bull, head of human. Used on Assyrian palaces.
Future
20th centry movement that celebrated energy and dynamism. Change, upheaval of the machine age.
