Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Criteria for Determining
Abnormality

A

– Unusualness
– Social deviance
– Faulty perceptions/interpretations of reality
– Significant personal/emotional distress
– Maladaptive/self-defeating behavior
– Dangerousness

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2
Q

Biological Perspective

A

 Abnormal behavior results from
organic/physiological factors
 Genetics
 Nervous System

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3
Q

Soma

A

process info

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4
Q

Axons

A

send impulses

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5
Q

Dendrites

A

receive impulses

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6
Q

Neurotransmitters

A
  • Dopamine – influences movement/attention (schizo.)
  • Serotonin – regulates mood (depression)
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7
Q

Psychoanalytic

A

–Abnormal behavior results from
unconscious motives/conflicts
Involve sexual & aggressive urges

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8
Q

Structure of mind

A
  • Conscious – present awareness
  • Preconscious – not aware of but may be brought to
    consciousness
  • Unconscious – not aware of
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9
Q

Structure of personality

A
  • Id – pleasure principle (instant gratification)
  • Ego – reality principle (practical/possible)
  • Superego – ideal principle (moral/values)
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10
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

– Repression – exclude unwanted thoughts from
consciousness (past)
– Rationalization – find reasonable explanations for
unacceptable behaviors
– Regression – return to earlier stage of development
– Denial – does not acknowledge unpleasant event or accept
reality (present)

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11
Q

Behaviorist

A

Abnormal behavior represents
learning of inappropriate/
maladaptive behaviors

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12
Q

earning models

A

–Operant conditioning
Reinforcement vs punishment
–Modeling - learn by observation

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13
Q

Humanistic

A

– Abnormal behavior results from poor self-
concept & lack of personal growth
– Self-actualizing – reach full potential
– Unconditional positive regard –
everyone is worthy of love

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14
Q

Cognitive

A

–Abnormal behavior results from
inaccurate/biased beliefs
–Cognitive distortions
Absolute thinking – viewing in extremes
Overgeneralization – make a rule based
on a few incidences/events

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15
Q

Sociocultural Perspective

A

Abnormal behavior results from
social/cultural factors (gender,
ethnicity, class)

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16
Q

Biopsychosocial Perspective

A

Abnormal behavior results from
multiple factors

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17
Q

Diathesis-Stress Model

A

Predisposition + Stressors =
Disorder

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18
Q

Clinical Interview

A

– Identifying information
– Description of presenting problems
– Psychosocial history
– Psychiatric history
– Medical problems/medication

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19
Q

Intelligence tests

A

– Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
– Wechsler Intelligence Scale - Children (WISC)

20
Q

Projective Tests

A

– Projective tests
 Rorschach
–10 inkblots
 Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
–Cards depict ambiguous scenes

21
Q

Objective tests

A
  • Range of responses is limited
  • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
    Inventory
    –~575 true-false questions
22
Q

Neuropsychological Assessment

A

Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
 Assess brain damage

23
Q

Behavioral Assessment

A

– Self-Monitoring
– Behavioral Rating Scales

24
Q

Physiological Assessment

A

– Positron emission tomography (PET)
– Tracer mixed with glucose & injected

25
Q

Free association

A

uncensored thoughts
 Say whatever comes to mind

26
Q

Resistance

A

unwilling/unable to discuss material

27
Q

Dream analysis

A

Not used often

28
Q

Transference

A

client transfers feelings to
therapist

29
Q

Countertransference

A

therapist transfers
feelings to client

30
Q

Behavior Therapy

A

-Systematic desensitization
-Modeling
-Token economy
-Aversive conditioning

31
Q

Humanistic Therapy

A

-Unconditional positive regard
-Empathy
-Genuineness

32
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

Change cognitive distortions/maladaptive beliefs

33
Q

Eclectic Therapy

A

Use multiple approaches/techniques

34
Q

Group, Family, & Couples Therapy

A

– Group therapy – members provide support
– Family/couples therapy – examine faulty patterns
of communication

35
Q

Drug Therapy

A

– Antianxiety drugs
– Antipsychotic drugs
– Antidepressants - SSRIs
– Lithium – bipolar disorder

36
Q

Stress

A

– Reactions: physical, psychological, behavioral
– Vulnerability depends upon coping skills & social
support

37
Q

Physical reactions to stress

A

– Tense muscles, headaches, nausea, loss of hair,
cardiovascular disease

38
Q

General Adaptation Scale (GAS)

A

– Alarm reaction – mobilize body for defense
* Fight or flight
– Resistance – renew spent energy & repair damage
– Exhaustion – heart rate, breathing decrease

39
Q

Psychological reactions to stress

A

Anxiety, fear, anger, depression, frustration

40
Q

Adjustment Disorders

A

– Maladaptive response to identifiable stressor(s)
* Doesn’t last > 6 months after stressor has ended
– Distress is out of proportion to stressor(s) and/or significant
impairment in social/occupational functioning

41
Q

Prolonged Grief Disorder

A

– Death (> 12 months ago) of person close to client
– Intense yearning/longing for deceased person and/or
preoccupation with thoughts/memories of them
– 3 or more symptoms
* Identity disruption - Difficulty reintegrating
* Disbelief about the death - Emotional numbness
* Avoidance of reminders - Meaninglessness of life
* Emotional pain - Loneliness

42
Q

Behavioral reactions to stress

A

– Jumpy
– Interfere/help performance
– Quit jobs, move, drop-out
– Aggression, alcohol, drugs
– Suicide

43
Q

Treatments for stress

A

– Meditation
– Relaxation
– Nutrition/exercise

44
Q

Trauma-Related Disorders

A

– Acute Stress Disorder (lasts 3 days - 1 month)
– Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (lasts > 1 month)

45
Q

Major Features/Symptoms of Trauma-Related Disorders

A

– Intrusion (flashbacks/nightmares)
– Avoidance (cues/reminders)
– Negative emotional states (anger/guilt)
– Arousal/Reactivity (hypervigilance/startle response)

46
Q
A