Test 1 Flashcards
Name the 4 polymers that you are required to know, as well as there different monomers
CH (monosaccharide), proteins (amino acids), nucleic acids (nucleotides), and lipids (glycerol, and fatty acids)
What is the function of carbohydrates?
To provide energy, as well as, give structure and build
State all the functions that proteins perform
Enzymes, storage, hormones, defence, transport, receptor, contraction, and structure
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Reproduction
What are the range of functions lipids perform?
Store energy, vitamins, cell structure (insulates body)
State a defence protein
Antibody
What is the structure of an amino acid?
A central carbon atom attached to a hydrogen, (-COOH) attached, (-NH2) attached the other side, and an R group
What is the only difference between a protein and an amino acid’s structure?
A protein does not have an R in its structure
What are the seven functional groups?
Hydroxyl group, carbonxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, sulfhydryl group, phosphate group, methyl group
What was Stanley’s Miller’s experiment’s purpose?
To investigate how organic molecules necessary for life could have formed on the early Earth.
What did his experiment discover?
Miller’s experiment identified that organic molecules, specifically amino acids, could be synthesised from simple inorganic compounds under conditions thought to resemble the atmosphere of early Earth
When do you know adhesion, and cohesion have happened?
You know that cohesion has happened when there is a high surface tension (difficult to stretch or break the surface of a liquid). Adhesion has happened when there is an attraction between different substances
What is cohesion?
It is hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together, and contributes to the transport of water and dissolved nutrients against gravity in plants
What causes adhesion?
Hydrogen bonds
Can one water bond up to 4 water molecules through hydrogen bonds?
Yes
What are the three types of isomers?
Structural, cis-trans (geometric), and enantiomers
How are structural isomers, cis-trans isomers, and enantiomers different from each other?
Structural: Have different covalent arrangement of their atoms. Cis-trans isomers have same covalent bonds but differ in their spatial arrangements. Enantiomers: mirror images of each other
What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic?
Hydrophilic: affinity for water. Hydrophobic: Does not have an affinity for water.
What are hydrocarbons?
Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
What is a dependant variable?
What you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment
What is the independent variable?
Isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure
What is the difference between a control group, and experimental group?
Control group does not receive the variable you are testing. Experimental variable does.
What are Van Der Waals interactions?
Attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of electrons not being evenly distributed
Would a molecule’s shape bind to the receptor as if it was a hormone?
Yes
What are the main differences between prokaryotic cells, and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are simpler, lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and are typically smaller. Eukaryotic cells are the opposite.
What is the difference between a non polar and a polar covalent bond?
Non polar: atoms share the electron equally, and polar: one atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally
What is a trace element?
Required by an organism in very small amounts, typically less than 0.01% of the organism’s body mass
What is a hypothesis?
A proposed explanation or educational guess about a phenomenon or a relationship between variables that can be tested through scientific investigation
What does DNA do?
Provides directions for it’s own replication (RNA), which controls protein synthesis
What are the four properties of water that facilitate an environment for life?
Cohesive behaviour, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, versatility as a solvent
What is an ionic bond?
Chemical bond formed when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom
What is a molecule?
A group of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds
