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Bio 120 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 4 polymers that you are required to know, as well as there different monomers

A

CH (monosaccharide), proteins (amino acids), nucleic acids (nucleotides), and lipids (glycerol, and fatty acids)

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2
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

To provide energy, as well as, give structure and build

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3
Q

State all the functions that proteins perform

A

Enzymes, storage, hormones, defence, transport, receptor, contraction, and structure

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4
Q

What is the function of nucleic acids?

A

Reproduction

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5
Q

What are the range of functions lipids perform?

A

Store energy, vitamins, cell structure (insulates body)

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6
Q

State a defence protein

A

Antibody

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7
Q

What is the structure of an amino acid?

A

A central carbon atom attached to a hydrogen, (-COOH) attached, (-NH2) attached the other side, and an R group

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8
Q

What is the only difference between a protein and an amino acid’s structure?

A

A protein does not have an R in its structure

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9
Q

What are the seven functional groups?

A

Hydroxyl group, carbonxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, sulfhydryl group, phosphate group, methyl group

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10
Q

What was Stanley’s Miller’s experiment’s purpose?

A

To investigate how organic molecules necessary for life could have formed on the early Earth.

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11
Q

What did his experiment discover?

A

Miller’s experiment identified that organic molecules, specifically amino acids, could be synthesised from simple inorganic compounds under conditions thought to resemble the atmosphere of early Earth

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12
Q

When do you know adhesion, and cohesion have happened?

A

You know that cohesion has happened when there is a high surface tension (difficult to stretch or break the surface of a liquid). Adhesion has happened when there is an attraction between different substances

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13
Q

What is cohesion?

A

It is hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together, and contributes to the transport of water and dissolved nutrients against gravity in plants

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14
Q

What causes adhesion?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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15
Q

Can one water bond up to 4 water molecules through hydrogen bonds?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What are the three types of isomers?

A

Structural, cis-trans (geometric), and enantiomers

17
Q

How are structural isomers, cis-trans isomers, and enantiomers different from each other?

A

Structural: Have different covalent arrangement of their atoms. Cis-trans isomers have same covalent bonds but differ in their spatial arrangements. Enantiomers: mirror images of each other

18
Q

What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophilic: affinity for water. Hydrophobic: Does not have an affinity for water.

19
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

20
Q

What is a dependant variable?

A

What you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment

21
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

Isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure

22
Q

What is the difference between a control group, and experimental group?

A

Control group does not receive the variable you are testing. Experimental variable does.

23
Q

What are Van Der Waals interactions?

A

Attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of electrons not being evenly distributed

24
Q

Would a molecule’s shape bind to the receptor as if it was a hormone?

A

Yes

25
Q

What are the main differences between prokaryotic cells, and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells are simpler, lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and are typically smaller. Eukaryotic cells are the opposite.

26
Q

What is the difference between a non polar and a polar covalent bond?

A

Non polar: atoms share the electron equally, and polar: one atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally

27
Q

What is a trace element?

A

Required by an organism in very small amounts, typically less than 0.01% of the organism’s body mass

28
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A proposed explanation or educational guess about a phenomenon or a relationship between variables that can be tested through scientific investigation

29
Q

What does DNA do?

A

Provides directions for it’s own replication (RNA), which controls protein synthesis

30
Q

What are the four properties of water that facilitate an environment for life?

A

Cohesive behaviour, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, versatility as a solvent

31
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Chemical bond formed when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom

32
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds

33
Q
A

Bio 120 (3 decks)

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