Test 1 Flashcards
Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and not merely the a sense of disease and infirmity
Determinants of health
- Biology and behavior
- physical and social environment
- gov policies and interventions
- access to quality health care
Disease
Any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a part, organ, or system of the body that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms or signs
Organic disease
Structural changes
Examples of organic diseases
Inflammation, infection, bone break
Functional disease
No morphologic abnormalities
Asymptomatic
Disease present (abnormal physical finding) but NOT associated with symptoms or discomfort
Symptomatic
Disease present WITH associated symptoms
Disease continuum
One end: severe, life-threatening, disabling illness
Other end: complete mental and physical well-being
Pathology and physiology
Deals with the study of the structure and function of cells, tissues and organs within the body
Pathophysiology
The pathology and physiology of disease, focuses on the mechanisms underlying disease
What does pathophysiology do
Basis for preventive and therapeutic health measures and nursing practice
Etiologic factors
Causes of disease
Examples of etiologic factors
Biologic agents
Physical forces
Chemical agents
Nutritional excesses or deficits
Important concepts about etiology
- a single disease agent can affect more than a single organ
- a number of different disease agents can affect the same organ
- most diseases are multifactorial
Etiology
Describes what sets the disease process in motion
Risk factors
Predisposing conditions for a particular disease
Congenital risk factors
Present at birth
Acquired risk factors
Caused by events that occur after birth
Categories of risk factors
- genetic
- disease associated
- treatment associated
- environmental
- lifestyle/behavioral
Pathogenesis
Sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from the time of initial contact with an agent until the ultimate expression of disease
- how the disease process evolves “how things come to be wrong”
Morphology
The fundamental structure of cells or tissues
- cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems
Histology
Relation to morphology
- deals with the study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues
Lesions
Relation to morphology
- Represents a pathologic or traumatic discontinuity of body organ or tissue