Test 1 Flashcards
Weeks 1-3
agronomy
crops produced on a large scale; feed, fuel, and fiber crops
horticulture
crops produced on multiple scales; mainly, fruit, vegetable, and ornamental crops
forage/turf
agronomic crops beyond grains produced mainly for herbage livestock feed; turf crops are usually low growing, stolons or rhizomes, dense, uniform plant/crop stands
food crops
include produce and processed grain crops mainly for human consumption
produce crops examples
sweet corn, green beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes
grain crops examples
corn, soybean, wheat, and sorghum
feed crops
usually for livestock feed by grazing or introduced as hay or silage
hay
cut while green, dried in the field and fed to livestock later (ex. alfalfa, clover, orchardgrass, timothy)
silage
harvested grain and forage crops while green, then stored to control fermentation to ultimately produce plant sugars (ex. corn, sorghum, oats)
fiber crops
produce materials that can be manufactured to produce items like cloth and rope (ex. cotton, hemp, and coconut)
fuel crops
energy producing crops that can be processed into biofuels and biodiesel
biofuel
usually plant and sugar based and fuel is produced from the fermentation of these sugars
cellulosic biofuels
fuels produced from plant materials high in cellulose that can be fermented into ethanol (ex. corn, sorghum, and wheat)
biodiesel
oil produced mainly from vegetable and grain crops (ex. soybean, sunflower, cotton seed)
pulses
legume crops that are edible with seeds that contain oil and are high in protein (ex. soybeans, green beans, field peas, peanuts)
roots and tubers
store large amounts of energy in the tubers and roots (ex. potatoes, artichokes, cassava)
companion crops
crops grown together for a particular purpose (ex. oats+alfalfa, rye+radish, cover crop mixes)
medicinal crops
grown for medicinal benefits
toxic crops and plants
produce harmful or deadly compounds and were historically used as weapons during war
Carolus Linnaeus
developed the Binomial System of Nomenclature
complete scientific name
scientific name and initial of the person who named the species
plant taxonomy (specific to broad)
species, genus, family, order, class, division, plant kingdom
plant anatomy
the study of the internal make-up of plants
plant morphology
overall form and structure of plants and crops
monocots
one cotyledon, linear leaves, parallel venation, fibrous roots; leaf sheath, blade, and collar (ex. corn, wheat, and rice)
dicots
two cotyledons, simple or compound leaves, netted venation, taproot (ex. soybean, cotton, alfalfa)
plant cells
the basic unit of all plants that creates living plants through multiple processes in a membrane
three types of plant tissues
ground, dermal, and vascular
ground tissue system
contains chlorophyll and energy forms, strengthens growing stems, and a secondary wall between main wall and membrane
dermal tissue system
skin of the plant
vascular tissue system
transports water and nutrients inside the plant
roots
storage unit, supports growth and development of plants, absorbs water and nutrients
types of roots
taproots, fibrous roots, adventitious roots
crops with taproots
soybeans, alfalfa, and cotton
crops with fibrous roots
corn, wheat, and rice
crops with adventitious roots
turf crops (crabgrass, zoysia, bermudagrass)
stem
aboveground structure for plants; main passageway for water and nutrients
tillers
additional stems from the crown part of the plant and reproductive parts
rhizomes
promote reproduction of underground system (ex. strawberries)
leaves
capture light to produce energy
stomata
two guard cells on leaves that open and close to allow water and nutrients to enter leaves
flowers
where reproduction occurs
four main parts of a flower
stamen (male), pistil (female), petal (surrounds the reproductive parts of the flower), sepal (protects the petals until the flowers open completely)
flower classes
complete, incomplete, perfect, imperfect
complete
all male and female parts
incomplete
missing at least one part
perfect
have a stamen and pistil
imperfect
missing male or female parts
fruits
the product of fertilization occurring in the flower of a plant (can be fleshy or dried)
seeds
the matured ovules within the fruit inside of the ovary that contains an embryo and genetic material to produce new plants
