test 1 Flashcards
social determinants of health (SDOH) definiton
conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, shaped by distribution of power, money and resources
they include a range of personal, social, economic, and enviromental factors
what must a nurse do before a intervention
identify SDOH
a larger group whose members may or may not interact with each other, but share at least one characteristic such as age, gender, ethnicity, residence, or a shared health issue
population
refers to a group of individuals living within the same geographical area, such as a town or a neighborhood, or a group of individuals who share some other common denominator. they have interaction
community
difference between community and population
interaction
population does not need to have a interaction
public health is the science and art of
preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health, addressing environmental safety and improvement, improving health for all citizens, regardless of ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, or gender
acute care vs community care
acute is hospital based, more controlled patient care, more resources
community based is in clinic or home so its more comfortable, its not as controlled with patients decisions- they have more options available
social security act
1935
resulted in more public health nurses and increased education for nurses
social security act update
1965
medicare and medicaid
Florence nightingale
founder of nursing
developed first School
directive to manipulate pt environment to allow nature to take its course
public health in 21st century
move toward population health
cultural context includes
food preferences
gender roles
birthing practices
language
spiritual beleif
cultural competency vs cultural humility
competency- attitude, knowledge, skills of provider to provide quality based care
humility- awareness of ones own culture. we must approach everyone as equals
ethnicity
includes shared geographical origin, language or dialect, religious faith, folklore, food preferences, and culture
global health
the collaborative trans-national research and action for promoting health for all
based on country level income
WHO health definition
a state of complete physical, mental and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
expanded in 1986:
the extent to which an individual or group is able on the one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and on the other hand, to change to cope with the enviroment
united nations sustainable development goals
a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future
there is 17 goals
CDC
established in 1946
patient protection and affordable care act (PPACA)
Established in 2010
improves experience of care, health, reducing costs
insurance reform, health system reform
what does healthy people 2030 align well with
UN sustainable development goals
primary prevention
prevent development of disease
ex- immunizations
secondary prevention
early detection and treatment
ex- screening
tertiary prevention
prevention of disability and premature death
ex- health education
family
2 or more individuals who identify themselves as family. They do not need to be blood related
human ecology model
focuses on external factors that influence a family
family systems model
focuses on the organization of relationships among family members
5 core values
caring
courage
inclusion
reflective thinking
social responsibility
Environmental health
addressees all the physical, chemical and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behavior.
ANA principles for healthy safe environment
- knowledge of environmental health
- precaution and preventative actions in uncertainty
- nurses have right to work in a environment that’s safe and healthy
- healthy environments are sustained through multidisciplinary collaboration
- choices of materials, technology and practices in environment impact nursing
- approaches to promoting a healthy environment respect the values, beliefs, cultures and circumstances of patients/families
- nurses assess quality of environment
- everyone has right to know about potentially harmful products.
- nurses participate in research of best practices
- nurses must be supported in advocating for and implementing environmental health principles
Florence nightingale belief for healthy home
clean water and air
basic sanitation
cleanliness and light
nursing alliance of healthy environments
international professional nursing organizaton
3 areas for action: research, advocacy, practice
when did environmental protection agency (EPA) form
1979
The built environment
human made surroundings created for the daily activities of people. includes a range of physical and social elements that made up a community
community environmental health assessment
protocol for assessing community excellence in environmental health (PACE EH)
identifies local environmental issues, sets priorities for action, targets populations most at risk, addresses identified issues
hazardous substances routes of entry
ingestion
inhalation
dermal absorption
types of hazardous exposures
Chemicals - carbon monoxide, metals, pesticides. (80k + worldwide)
biological agents- bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, molds, fungi, allergens
physical agents- heat/cold, radiation, noise, falls, vehicle crashes, violence, vibration
psychosocial factors
mixed exposure
usually more then one threat of exposure
exposure risk assessment
- hazard identification
- dose response assessment
- exposure assessment (level, timing, extent of exposure)
- risk chatacterization
Blood lead level
measured in mcg/dL
no amount of lead is safe. Above 5 is when we are concerned
environmental sustainability
reflects the rates at which renewable resources are harvested, the depletion of nonrenewable resources, and the creation of pollution that can continue for a indefinite period of time
environmental justice
fair distribution of environmental burdens
fair application of environmental laws, policies, and regulation regardless of race, color, national origin, or income
climate change: care of older adults NURSING ACTIONS
assess
recommend
advocate
volunteer - serve as a first responder in emergency
