test 1

Question 1

the primary difference between anthropology and sociology

Answer 1

Anthropology studies cultures holistically, while sociology analyzes social structures and institutions

Question 2

what is the correct species name using binomial nomenclature for humans

Answer 2

Homo sapiens

Question 3

Cultural relativism

Answer 3

the idea that we should understand and judge a culture based on its own values, beliefs, and practices, rather than applying the standards of another culture (like our own). It suggests that no culture is inherently superior to another, and what is considered right or wrong can vary depending on the cultural context

Question 4

Holism

Answer 4

the idea that systems and their properties should be viewed as a whole, rather than just as a collection of individual parts

Question 5

Hominins

Answer 5

Species that are regarded as human, directly ancestral to humans, or very closely related to humans

Question 6

Participant observation

Answer 6

A research method common in cultural anthropology that involves living with, observing, and participating in the same activities as the people one studies

Question 7

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 7

The principle that the language you speak allows you to think about some things and not other things. This is also known as the linguistic relativity hypothesis

Question 8

four major areas that make up the discipline of anthropology

Answer 8

biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, archaeology,
and linguistic anthropology.

Question 9

Artificial selection

Answer 9

humans intentionally breed organisms with desirable traits to produce offspring that inherit those traits

Question 10

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 10

System of classification in which a species receives a name, consisting of the genius and the identification of the species

Question 11

Carrying capacity

Answer 11

The number of living organisms that a geographic area can support without environmental degradation

Question 12

Empiricism

Answer 12

The idea that all learning and knowledge derives from experience and observation

Question 13

Extant

Answer 13

Still in existence, surviving

Question 14

Genetic drift

Answer 14

Random changes in allele frequencies within a population from one generation to the next

Question 15

Macroevolution

Answer 15

Large and often complex changes in biological populations

Question 16

Microevolution

Answer 16

Changes in the frequency of a gene in an interpreting population

Question 17

Phenotype

Answer 17

the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism, such as its physical appearance or behavior

Question 18

Speciation

Answer 18

The process by which new genetically distinct species evolved from the main population

Question 19

What was the role of forensic anthropologist in the investigation of El Mazote massacre

Answer 19

They analyzed the bones of the deceased to reconstruct how the victims died

Question 20

A scientific hypothesis must be

Answer 20

Testable, capable of being refuted, an explanation for observed phenomena

Question 21

In the peppered moth simulation how does the population of light and dark moths exchange when the environment becomes heavily polluted (dark forest environment)

Answer 21

The population of the dark moths increases because they blend in with the suit cover trees, while light moths are more easily spotted by predators

Question 22

What should a scientist do if the results of an experiment do not support the hypothesis

Answer 22

Modify the hypothesis and conduct further experiments

Question 23

What is the main idea of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?

Answer 23

Individuals with trades better suited to their environment, are more likely to survive and reproduce passing those trades to the next generation

Question 24

Chimps and humans share … of their DNA

Answer 24

98.8%

Question 25

Jean- Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)

Answer 25

French naturalist and biologist, first attempt to explain how evolution works

Question 26

George Cuvier (1769-1832)

Answer 26

French naturalist and zoologist. Ideas: extinction and catastrophism

Question 27

Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

Answer 27

Scottish geologist, principles of geology, idea of uniformitartianism

Question 28

Humans and chimpanzees are both members of the order

Answer 28

Primates

Question 29

What are the three conditions required in a population for natural selection to act as a force of evolution

Answer 29

1. variation of traits, 2. Traits are heritable 3. Competition leading to differential reproductive success

Question 30

Before the scientific revolution and well into the 19th century, European societies shared beliefs that inhibited acceptance of biological evolution. These concepts included

Answer 30

The notion that species did not change, the notion that creatures were divinely created to perfectly fit their environment, the notion that earth was “full” so that new life could not arise

Question 31

The idea that characteristics acquired during the lifetime of an individual could be passed on to that individuals offspring is termed

Answer 31

The inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 32

A severe drought occurred in the Galapagos islands during the end of 1970 as a result of this drought the average peak size of the population of finches changed with most individuals displaying

Answer 32

Large and robust beaks adapted to eat the very hard seeds that become available during the drought

Question 33

A severe drought occurred in the Galapagos islands during the end of 1970 as a result of this drought the average peak size of the population of finches changed with most individuals displaying

Answer 33

Large and robust beaks adapted to eat the very hard seeds that become available during the drought