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intro to human evolution > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Which hominin taxon was the first to migrate out of the African continent

A

Homo erectus

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2
Q

Which of the following features are exclusively found in Homo Sapiens

A

A prominent chin

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3
Q

As of today humans are the only primate species alive with

A

Non opposable big toe

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4
Q

Members of the species Homo sapiens evolved at around…. In…..

A

315,000 years ago; Africa

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5
Q

Neanderthal fossils have been found in all these places except

A

Africa

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6
Q

Homo Neanderthalensis had some unique features nothing in earlier hominins including

A

A large brain size ( up to 1700cc) and a retro molar space

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7
Q

Homo habilis

A

The oldowan

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8
Q

Australopithecus afarensis

A

Eruption of permanent lower first molar by age 3

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9
Q

End of the Miocene characterized by

A

Decreased hominoid diversity; increased cercopithecoid diversity

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10
Q

Primate group that evolved during the Eocene, displayed features that included short snouts, teeth with pointy cusps, elongated heel bones, and larger orbits indicating a nocturnal pattern of behavior that were ancestral to the living Haplorhines

A

Omomyoids

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11
Q

Adapoids were

A

Strepsirhine ancestors

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12
Q

Fossils attributed to the species Australopithecus africanus have been recovered from

A

South Africa

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13
Q

First Oligocene primate with Y-5 molars

A

Aegyptopithecus

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14
Q

Australopithecus africanus

A

South Africa

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15
Q

Plesiadapiforms evolve

A

Paleocene

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16
Q

Paranthropus boisei

A

East Africa

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17
Q

This hominin is considered to be the first to use endurance running for hunting purposes

A

Homo erectus

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18
Q

Estimated brain size for Homo rudolfensis

A

510cc

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19
Q

All hominins have these two traits

A

Bipedalism and brain size increase

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20
Q

First hominins lived approximately

A

6-7 million years ago

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21
Q

First hominin species to reach 800cc and hence double brain size average of chimpanzees

A

Homo rudolfensis

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22
Q

The only hominin species alive today is Homo sapiens

A

true

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23
Q

All hominins have

A

Y-5 molars

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24
Q

the most famous fossil of Australopithecus afarensis is known as

25
Q

Relative to the genus Australopithecus, Homo habilis is characterized by

A

Smaller face and teeth, larger brains, and more rounded skull

26
Q

Ardipithecus kadabba

A

Displayed signs of canine size reduction and intermediate canine honing complex

27
Q

Hypothesis that posits that primate features emerged as an adaptation to the shrubby forest undergrowth where proto-primates hunted insects

A

The visual-predation hypothesis

28
Q

Primate group that evolved during the Eocene, displayed features that included short snouts, teeth with pointy cusps, elongated heel bones, and larger orbits indicating a nocturnal pattern of behavior that were ancestral to the living Haplorhines

29
Q

Sahelanthropus tchadensis had it centered underneath the braincase, anteriorly placed and closer to the front teeth, indicating bipedality.

A

Foramen magnum

30
Q

The Oldowan

A

Simple core and flake technology

31
Q

Fossils attributed to the species Australopithecus africanus have been recovered from

A

South Africa

32
Q

Which Oligocene fossil primate with dental formula 2-1-2-3, Y-5 molars, and cranial features including small orbits suggesting a diurnal pattern of behavior indicating strong affinities with the catarrhines was recovered from El Fayum, Egypt?

A

Aegyptopithecus

33
Q

At 6 million years ago, Orrorin tugenensis represents the earliest unquestionable hominin that used bipedality as indicated by an anteriorly placed foramen magnum and clear canine size reduction

34
Q

Platyrrhine ancestors most likely originated in

A

North America

35
Q

Hominin with opposable big toe

A

Ardipithecus ramidus

36
Q

Neanderthal fossils never found in

37
Q

The tibia of a bipedal hominin displays

A

Clear anterior-posterior elongation of the medial condyle

38
Q

Paranthropus boisei fossils have been recovered from

A

East Africa

39
Q

Paranthropus aethiopicus

A

East Africa

40
Q

Victoriapithecus

A

First Miocene cercopithecoid with bilophodont molars

41
Q

First hominin species with a human-like projecting nose

A

Australopithecus sediba

42
Q

The position of the foramen magnum of a bipedal hominin is

43
Q

Average cranial size, smaller to larger

A

Australopithecus afarensis, Pan troglodytes, Homo erectus, Homo habilis

44
Q

The oldest member of the genus Australopithecus is

A

Australopithecus anamensis

45
Q

Australopithecus anamensis

A

East Africa

46
Q

This is the only australopith species that displays a parabolic dental arcade

A

Australopithecus afarensis

47
Q

The three features displayed by all members of the genus Paranthropus include

A

Sagittal crests, megadontia, and marked postorbital constriction

48
Q

True primates (Euprimates) evolve

49
Q

The average brain size of Australopithecus afarensis is very similar to contemporary modern humans

50
Q

What occurred at around 2.8-2.5 million years ago

A

New kinds of hominins, including Paranthropus and Homo appeared

51
Q

Plesiadapiforms evolve

52
Q

By 2.0 million years ago, this hominin used bone tools to extract termites

A

Paranthropus boisei

53
Q

Average brain size for Homo sapiens

54
Q

A hominid is

A

A primate of the family Hominoidae that includes the great apes, but excludes humans and all of their direct ancestors

55
Q

oldest to youngest

A

Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus africanus, Homo erectus

56
Q

The average brain size capacity for the species Pan troglodytes is

57
Q

Estimated brain size for Homo habilis

intro to human evolution (4 decks)

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