Test 1

Question 1

What is NOT a major direct result of large surface currents?

Answer 1

Spring tides

Question 2

The main source of water vapor in the atmosphere is from:

Answer 2

water evaporating from the sea

Question 3

Tsunamis can be caused by all of the below EXPECT

Answer 3

high winds

Question 4

What is a challenge of life between tides in the intertidal zone?

Answer 4

land predators, rapid temperature changes, desiccation, crashing waves

Question 5

The ________ is the layer of gases, particles, and water vapor that surrounds Earth.

Answer 5

atmosphere

Question 6

What is a crucial component for creating coastal upwelling?

Answer 6

Earth’s rotation

Question 7

________ tides occur when the gravitational forces of the sun and of the moon are acting on the same direction.

Answer 7

Spring

Question 8

Currents

Answer 8

transfer water is a straight or meandering patter

Question 9

Gyres

Answer 9

transfer water in a very large circular pattern

Question 10

Benthic

Answer 10

refers to bottom-associated things

Question 11

Winds

Answer 11

generate waves, big and small

Question 12

The pelagic area of the ocean water directly above the continental shelf is called the ______ _______.

Answer 12

neritic province

Question 13

The supercontinent Pangaea started to separate approximately:

Answer 13

200 million years ago

Question 14

The source of oxygen in our atmosphere is:

Answer 14

the activity of photosynthetic organisms

Question 15

Which feature is analogous to mountain ranges on land?

Answer 15

Oceanic ridge

Question 16

If you were walking on the beach with a friend in the Summer, somewhere in Oregon, and you found the terrible scene in the picture below, what would you propose as the most likely explanation for the mass mortality of Dungeness crabs?

Answer 16

Coastal waters have become more hypoxic in recent years due to the prolonged and persistent upwelling.

Question 17

What best characterizes the marine environment where whales spend most of their time?

Answer 17

Pelagic and oceanic environments

Question 18

What best characterizes the marine environment where tidepool mussels spend most of their time?

Answer 18

Neritic and benthic environments

Question 19

what properties of seawater may impede a fast swimming fish?

Answer 19

High viscosity

Question 20

What structure found in all marine organisms controls the passage of molecules into their bodies or cells?

Answer 20

Selective or semi-permeable membrane

Question 21

What type of organism is most capable of living in a wide range of water temperatures?

Answer 21

Endotherm/homeotherm

Question 22

What happens to seawater as density increases?

Answer 22

it sinks

Question 23

What habitat is typically inhabited only by animals of small size?

Answer 23

Infauna

Question 24

What best defines the term phytoplankton?

Answer 24

Drifting autotrophs

Question 25

Actively swimming organisms found in the pelagic division are called ________.

Answer 25

nekton

Question 26

What statements regarding zooplankton are TRUE?

Answer 26

• zooplankton are non-photosynthetic
• zooplankton drift with the currents
• some zooplankton can grow into nekton

Question 27

Why does an endotherm need to eat much more food than an ectotherm of the same body weight?

Answer 27

Because the heat needed for cellular functions comes entirely from their metabolism.

Question 28

What is NOT a phenotype?

Answer 28

Having an ‘A’ instead of a ‘T’ in a gene DNA sequence

Question 29

A trait that increases an organism’s fitness, as compared to individuals lacking it, is called an _________.

Answer 29

adaptation

Question 30

With respect to water-salt balance (osmoregulation), a marine fish is said to be ________ relative to the surrounding water, and will therefore tend to _____ water through its skin.

Answer 30

hypotonic, lose

Question 31

epifaunal = ________; infaunal = ________

Answer 31

on a surface; under a surface

Question 32

The tuna is _______, since itis able to adjust its internal temperature to a level above the ambient temperature.

The tuna is _________, since its internal temperature varies based on its surrounding environmental temperature.

Answer 32

endothermic, poikilothermic

Question 33

What is NOT a characteristic of the Cyanobacteria?

Answer 33

flagellated

Question 34

What statement about diatoms is FALSE?

Answer 34

Centric diatoms are photosynthetic, but pennate diatoms are heterotrophic.

Question 35

Although nitrogen is abundant as N2, the vast majority of organisms cannot use it in this form. Conversion of nitrogen into usable forms, like ammonium and nitrate, is therefore essential for life, and this process of nitrogen fixation is performed in the oceans by _____________.

Answer 35

cyanobacteria

Question 36

The actual amount of carbon produced and available to the marine system is the ____ ________ ____________.

Answer 36

net primary production

Question 37

What is a negative way in which marine phytoplankton can affect humans?

Answer 37

They can form localized blooms that release potent toxins.

Question 38

Adaptations displayed by seaweeds to life in the sea DO NOT include:

Answer 38

rigid stems

Question 39

In what environment would a photosynthetic organism need the most pigment fucoxanthin?

Answer 39

At 5o meters of depth in murky coastal waters

Question 40

What organism utilizes fucoxanthin?

Answer 40

Bull kelp

Question 41

Many nutrients are equally essential for all phytoplankton, but some groups require special limiting nutrients. For example, coccolithophores require _______ _________ while diatoms require _______ to form their outer cell walls.

Answer 41

calcium carbonate, silicates

Question 42

see quiz 3 question 10 for phytoplankton photos.

Question 43

Kelp and seagrasses have what characteristics in common?

Answer 43

They use photosynthetic pigments to convert solar energy into chemical energy

Question 44

Which region of the oceans has the highest total amount of carbon per year?

Answer 44

Open oceans

Question 45

Why do coral reefs have such a low total NPP despite having the highest average NPP per square meter?

Answer 45

The total area of ocean coverage by coral reefs is only a small percentage of the world’s oceans.