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Intro to Marine Bio > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an example of a true endotherm?

A

emperor penguin

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2
Q

Why are there no rat-sized marine mammals?

A

they would lose too much heat due to a high surface area to volume ratio

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3
Q

general sea bird facts:

A
  • homeothermic
  • exhibit a range of sizes and beak shapes
  • strictly carnivores
  • live in warm and cold water climates
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4
Q

penguin and puffins shared characteristic

A

excellent swimmers

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5
Q

Most mammals have ________ as a characteristic reproductive trait, meaning they give birth to live young

A

viviparity

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6
Q

Which is the closest living relative of a penguin?
- sea snake
- sea otter
- manatee
- coelacanth

A

sea snake

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7
Q

Frigatebirds are very acrobatic flyers, and exhibit kleptoparasitism, which is:

A

to steal food and nesting materials from other birds

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8
Q

All of the following are adaptations sea otters have to maintain body heat, EXCEPT
- thick coat of fur
- elevated metabolic rate
- basking behavior
- blubber

A

blubber

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9
Q

distinguishing features for seals and sea lions

A

sea lions have visible external ear flaps

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10
Q

function of baleen

A

used to strain the water and remove food from it

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11
Q

What group of mammals has evolved a unique sensory ability and cephalic organs for locating prey underwater?

A

toothed whales

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12
Q

general statements about pinnipeds:

A
  • in many species of seals and sea lions, adult males get significantly larger than females
  • all pinnipeds are carnivorous
  • many species are polygynous
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13
Q

average temperature of the water in the deep sea

A

2 degrees Celsius

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14
Q

What group of organisms has a symbiotic relationship with microbes that allows it to function without a digestive system?

A

riftia tube worm

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15
Q

Where does the oxygen dissolved in deep-sea waters come from primarily?

A

It is generated in the photic zone, then sinks and diffuses.

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16
Q

feeding type most common in abyssal plains

A

deposit feeder

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17
Q

What species of pinniped is the most common on the Oregon coast?

A

pacific harbor seal

18
Q

What is the function of the melon in odontocetes?

A

It focuses and modulates the animal’s vocalization to better aim and receive signals during echolocation.

19
Q

chemosynthesis

A

Hydrogen sulfide is produced near vents because of the extremely high temperatures; specialized bacteria are able to use energy stored in hydrogen sulfide to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water.

20
Q

Dr. Dawn Wright

A

chief scientist at ESRI and a world-renowned oceanographer who is an expert at using GIS technology for mapping the deep sea. OSU faculty.

21
Q

Primary goal of the recent Challenger Deep dive

A

to use new technology to create high-resolution maps of the deepest spot in the oceans

22
Q

What group of animals is not known to occur in the Arctic?

A

penguins

23
Q

What is a unifying feature for all marine mammals that are truly residents of polar seas?

A

They rely on sea ice for hunting and/or breeding.

24
Q

Some adaptations displayed by some Antarctic fishes to life in the cold sea:

A
  • they lack hemoglobin in the blood making it thinner and easier to flow
  • they produce specialized proteins that prevent ice crystal formation
  • they obtain oxygen through the skin of the body
25
Q

major difference between the Arctic and Antarctic

A

the average air temperature in the Antarctic is much lower than in the Arctic

26
Q

most impactful limiting factor for primary production in polar seas?

A

light

27
Q

What is an adaptation displayed by homeotherms for living in polar seas with only seasonally high primary production?

A

long fasting periods

28
Q

What is not known to possess symbiotic zooxanthellae?

A

bony fish

29
Q

What is NOT true concerning reef-building corals?

A

they grow well near river mouths

30
Q

main primary producers of coral reef ecosytems

A

symbiotic dinoflagellates

31
Q

Which region of Earth harbors the greatest diversity of coral species and associated ecosystem?

A

tropical Indo-Pacific

32
Q

What is FALSE concerning rocky shores?

A

plants are common on rocky substrates at all heights

33
Q

What organism uses byssal threads to attach to rocks in the intertidal zone?

A

mussels

34
Q

What organism abundant in the Pacific rocky intertidal zone is generally found in large colonies of genetically identical individuals?

A

aggregating anemone

35
Q

What is the most likely reason that infaunal organisms cannot live on rocky seafloors?

A

they require sand or mud to burrow into

36
Q

True or false? Sea stars are important predators in the upper intertidal zone.

A

false

37
Q

what rocky intertidal zone lacks macroalgae?

A

upper

38
Q

What biotic factor makes the small acorn barnacle (Chthamalus) be more abundant the Upper Zone but not lower?

A

competition

39
Q

coral reef formation that is generally the oldest

A

atoll

40
Q

What measures are scientific and local communities taking to attempt to reduce the numbers and impact of invasive lionfish in the Caribbean?

A

they promote the consumption of lionfish

41
Q

A meroplanktonic species spends its egg and larval stages in the ______
division, and its
adult stage in the _______
division.

A

pelagic; benthic

42
Q

What species is immune to an anemone’s stinging cells and can actually consume the cnidarian?

A

nudibranch

Intro to Marine Bio (4 decks)

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