test 1

Question 1

What is a biome? And what are they characterized by in both aquatic (water) and terrestrial (land) areas?

Answer 1

• large scale community characterized by environment
• by temp, salinity, o2 content, depth.
• vegetation type, temp, precp

Question 1

What abiotic factors impact global patterns of animal distribution?

Answer 1

continental drift
climate, temp, precp, alt, food and water

Question 2

Understand the three-cell model and how to predict the latitude biome position.

Answer 2

• predicts temp, precip, biome loc.
  -poles are dry cold 60+
• tropics are hot and wet 0-20
  in between
• tundras 20-30 hot dry air

Question 3

What are the factors that impact animal distribution?

Answer 3

abiotic, biotic, migration, adaptation

Question 4

Be able to explain how and why a mountain can show several major biomes from the bottom to the top of the mountain.

Answer 4

windward side has more abundant vegetation as there is an decrease temp along with precipitation.
While the leeward side is strickly dry air with mininal precip.

Question 5

What is the definition of a population and how are populations studied?

Answer 5

• a group of interbreeding individuals occupying the same habitat at the same time
• studies the factors affecting population size and how it changes over time

Question 6

Explain the different ways that ecologists measure populations for specific organisms.

Answer 6

quadrant
pitfall trap
mist net
live mammal trap
line transect

Question 7

What are the different types of dispersion patterns of organisms and which is most common?

Answer 7

• clumped, uniform, and random disperal
• most common is clumped

Question 8

Define population density.

Answer 8

number of organisms in a given unit/vol.

Question 9

Understand the variables that go into a life table and how to interpret those variables in a life table.

Answer 9

age
# alive at start of year
# dead per year
age specific survivorship
age specific fertitility

Question 10

Be able to identify the 3 different survivorship curves. Also, explain and give an example organism that exhibits each type of curve.

Answer 10

1 parental investment humans
2 steady decline birds small mammals
3 high death when young insects plants

Question 11

Be able to distinguish between exponential and logistic growth models. Understand the mathematical model for each and what the terms mean.

Answer 11

exponential growth models assume unlimited resources and result in unrestricted growth, while logistic growth models incorporate a carrying capacity and show how populations approach and stabilize around this limit.

Question 12

What is the definition of and factors that are density dependent and density independent?

Question 13

What is meant by carrying capacity? What is it that causes a population to have a carrying capacity?

Answer 13

• the max population size that can be sustained by environment
• caused my access to vital resources

Question 14

Interactions between species can be defined by the effect on the populations concerned. Be able to name and identify the + or – interactions between species.

Answer 14

amensalism -/o
commentalism +/o
yk the rest

Question 15

Be able to explain the competitive exclusion principle & how resource partitioning affects this principle.

Answer 15

• when 2 spcs have an ecological niche that is to similar, they cant coexist
• differation of niches both in space and time that enables similar spcs to coexist

Question 16

Understand the different adaptations that prey species have gained to reduce predation on the population and be able to give an example of each.

Answer 16

chem def
aposematic coloration
camouflauge
intimidation
batesian mimicrey
mullerian mim
armour and weapon

Question 17

Explain the patterns of species richness and how they vary.

Answer 17

they vary by latitude as it grows from poles to tropics

Question 18

What is species richness? species diversity? What is the difference between the two?

Answer 18

• the number of spcs in a community
• the variety of spc that make up a community

Question 19

How do you calculate species diversity?

Answer 19

• Using spc richness and abundance

Question 20

What is the name of the process that occurs after disturbances that is the system trying to reset itself? Be able to distinguish between primary and secondary when it comes to this process.

Answer 20

• ecological succession
  -Prim: lifeless area with no soil, volcano, glacier
  -Sec: disturbance but soil is left
  fire and floods

Question 21

Be able to explain the 3 different successional models: Facilitation, Inhibition & Tolerance.

Answer 21

• Fac: previous helps out the newer ones
• Inh: previous ones stunt growth of next
• Tol: spc replacement is unaffected

Question 22

Understand the feeding relationships among the various species in a community and how they impact each other. They can be represented by chains or webs.

Answer 22

• beings with autotrophs the primary producers
• energy loses value with each link
• chains are straight forward while web are complicated

Question 23

When it comes to food chains and webs understand the following terms: Producers, consumers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, decomposers.

Answer 23

plant
herbivore
carn
carn
carn

Question 24

Understand the energy transfer of food webs and why energy is lost as you go up the food chain/web.

Answer 24

only 10% of e’ is transferred from one link to the next

Question 25

What is age structure and TFR and how does it influence the predictions on future human population? Be able to look at an age structure and total fertility rate graphs and decipher information on them.

Answer 25

• age structure predicts population growth and tfr is the total fertility rate
• together we use them to see when women might produce more offspring

Question 26

What are the 4 main human caused factors to the loss of biodiversity? Be able to explain and give examples of each one?

Answer 26

• habitat degradation
• introduced species
• over exploitation of animals
• pollution

Question 27

What is an ecological footprint and what is the average footprint worldwide?

Answer 27

aggregate total of productive land needed for survival in a sustainable world
- AVG 2.75 Ha

Question 28

What is Biomagnification? How does it work in a food web or chain?

Answer 28

• process by which certain substances, such as pollutants or toxins, become more concentrated in organisms at higher trophic levels within a food web or chain

Question 29

What are the 3 main biogeochemical cycles discussed? For each one, understand why the cycling of that chemical is important to life, what the abiotic reservoir is for each one, and how humans have influenced/altered the cycle.

Answer 29

• carbon cycle,
• nitrogen cycle
• phosphorus cycle

Question 30

What are the three main consequences of global warming?

Answer 30

• sea levels rise
• promote climate change and alter precip
• alter distributions of spaces

Question 31

What is the greenhouse effect and what are the greenhouse gases?

Answer 31

• when solar radiation passes through atmosphere and heats up the surface
• CO2,M4TH4NE, NITROUS OXIDE, AND CHLOROFLUROCARBONS