Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psyc 112 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is language?

A

A set of symbols used for communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is language used for? (4)

A
  • Facilitates thinking, problem solving, decision making
  • unique to humans
  • supports creative + progressive social interaction
  • thinking about thinking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the components of language? (3)

A
  • Language production
  • Speech
  • Language comprehension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the nature argument of language learning?

A

Children are genetically programmed at birth to learn language - Chomsky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the nurture argument of language learning?

A

language is entirely learned - Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the nurture and nature (interactionist) argument of language learning?

A

both theories are important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a critical period?

A

Stage when an individual must be exposed to something in order to have that skill or ability later in life. Stage when individual is particularly open to specific learning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a sensitive period?

A

Stage in development when an individual can best acquire specific skill. ex. learning a new language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is dialectical reasoning?

A
  • Weighing pros and cons in head
  • Opposing facts are weighed and compared in order to determine best solution or resolve differences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A
  • Belief is different than action or 2 different beliefs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When would cognitive dissonance occur? (3)

A
  1. Justify a choice or decision freely made
  2. Justify choice or decision that conflicts with view of yourself
  3. Justify effort put into decision or choice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is divergent thinking?

A
  • generation of novel ideas that depart from the norm
  • being able to apply concepts from one domain to another unrelated domain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is metacognition?

A
  • thinking about one’s own thoughts
  • reliving memories, considering past learning to understand current events, self-reflection, theory of mind
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is theory of mind?

A

Understanding other how other’s minds work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the definition of intelligence?

A

A construct that refers to individual differences in abilities to:
- acquire knowledge
- think and reason effectively
- deal adaptively with the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Charles Spearman’s view on intelligence?

A

GENERAL INTELLIGENCE
g factor - general intellectual ability assumed to underlie specific mental abilities and talents
people that did well in one part of the test typically did well in other sections so they must have a high general intelligence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was Louis Thurstone’s view on intelligence?

A

7 CLUSTERS OF ABILITY
results of the 56 skill test fell into 7 clusters
1. Verbal comprehension
2. Inductive reasoning
3. Word fluency
4. Spacial ability
5. Memory
6. Perceptual speed
7. Numerical ability

18
Q

What was Howard Gardner’s view on intelligence?

A

8 INTELLIGENCES/MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Linguistic, Mathematical, Body-Kinesthetic, Musical, Visual-Spatial, Personal, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Naturalist, Extistentional

19
Q

Wet was Robert Sternburg’s view on intelligence?

A

INTELLIGENCE TRIARCHY
1. Practical intelligence
2. Analytical intelligence
3. Creative intelligence

20
Q

What is social intelligence?

A

Ability to understand and navigate social situations

21
Q

What is emotional intelligence?

A

Processing and managing emotional component of social situations

22
Q

How did IQ tests come into play?

A

In late 1800s Alfred Binet created a test to see which children should be in regular school and which would need more help. This test is still used today as the Binet-Simon scale.

23
Q

Why do we assess intelligence? (2)

A
  • To study how and why people differ in ability
  • To match strengths and weaknesses to jobs and school programs
24
Q

At what age does IQ score stay relatively the same?

A

7

25
Q

What is the difference between aptitude and achievement?

A

Aptitude - attempt to predict ability to learn new skills
Achievement - measure what you have learned

26
Q

What are the IQ subtests? (4)

A
  • Verbal comprehension
  • Processing speed
  • Perceptual organization
  • Working memory
27
Q

What is it called when human intelligence scores increase?

A

Flynn effect

28
Q

What are the principles for IQ test construction?

A

Standardized
Reliable
Valid

29
Q

What is test-retest reliability?

A

Participants will take the test twice and receive correlating scores

30
Q

What is internal consistency?

A

All items in a test measure the same thing

31
Q

What is Inter-rater or inter judge reliability?

A

Consistency of measurement with different people score the test

32
Q

What is construct validity?

A

Does a test measure what it is supposed to measure

33
Q

What is Content validity?

A

Do items on a test measure all knowledge or skills that compromise construct

34
Q

What is predictive validity?

A

how well does test score predict criterion measures?

35
Q

What is the difference between fluid and crystallized intelligence?

A

Fluid - ability to think quickly and abstractly
Crystallized - accumulated wisdom, knowledge, expertise, vocabulary

36
Q

What is the reaction range of intelligence?

A
  • Upper and lower limits of possibilities for a genetically influenced trait
  • Estimates of 15-20 IQ points can come from enriched programs
37
Q

How do different ethnic groups score on intelligence test compared t white norms?

A
  • Asian Americans = higher
  • Hispanic Americans = about the same
  • African Americans = 15-20IQ points lower
38
Q

What is motivation?

A

inferred process within person or animal that causes movement either towards goal or away from unpleasant situation

39
Q

What are the types of love?

A

Passionate - first 3-9 months, whirlwind of intense emotions
Compassionate - affection and trust

40
Q

What are the biological motives to love?

A

neurological origins begin in infancy with attachment with mom

41
Q

What are the psychological motives to love?

A

proximity effect - nearest are dearest
similarity effect - you are more likely to pick someone similar to you

42
Q
A

Psyc 112 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions