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Exercise Physiology > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest contractile unit of a muscle fiber?

A

sarcomere

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2
Q

Define Z line

A

anchors to actin

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3
Q

Define M line

A

Does not move during the contraction of the sarcomere

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4
Q

Tendons attach to what?

A

bone

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5
Q

When myosin interacts with actin, if forms a what?

A

cross bridge

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6
Q

What is released from the terminal cisternae when stimulated by the neurotransmitter that was released from the action potential?

A

Ca2+ (calcium)

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7
Q

What is the structure of a neuron that the action potential travels down?

A

axon

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8
Q

Type I muscle fibers are more what?

A

oxidative

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9
Q

What is theory of muscle contraction?

A

sliding filament theory

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10
Q

What is the neurotransmitter released to initiate muscle contraction?

A

acetylcholine

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11
Q

Type II muscle fiber have ____________ cross sectional areas than Type I fibers.

A

larger

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12
Q

An event like the 400 meter run primarily utilizes what energy pathway?

A

Glycolysis

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13
Q

The rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis is what?

A

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

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14
Q

Which system is extremely short-lived and is used with explosive movements?

A

ATP-PC system

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15
Q

The substrate for Kreb’s cycle is what?

A

acetyl coA

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16
Q

A baseball pitch primarily utilizes which energy pathway?

A

ATP-PC system

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17
Q

How many ATP do you NET in glycolysis from a molecule of glucose?

A

2

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18
Q

What system is the primary system used to generate ATP during events of long duration?

A

Kreb’s and ETC

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19
Q

The products of glycolysis are what?

A

pyruvate or lactate, and NADH + H+, and ATP

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20
Q

The substrate for glycolysis is what?

A

Either glucose or glycogen

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21
Q

Which kind of VO2max is used to make comparisons?

A

relative VO2max

22
Q

Relative VO2max

A

normalized for body weight

23
Q

Absolute VO2max

A

expressed in L/min

24
Q

Lactate is accumulated during what?

A

O2 deficit

25
Q

When is the rate of lactate production=rate of lactate removal?

A

during steady state

26
Q

What are the three fates of lactate?

A
  • used as fuel in the mitochondria
  • Lactate shuffle

-Cori cycle

27
Q

Lactate shuffle

A

allows lactate to be removed from the cell and transported to other cells

28
Q

Cori cycle

A
  • lactic acid transported to liver
  • converted into pyruvate in the liver and then to glucose
  • aka gluconeogenesis
29
Q

VO2max is the best measure of what?

A

aerobic fitness

30
Q

EPOC =

A

excess postexercise O2 consumption

31
Q

Training someone to tolerate lactate and pushing back the lactate threshold can allow what?

A

allow them to run at a higher % of their VO2max.

32
Q

An RER of 1.0 means that the person is primarily utilizing what as a fuel source?

A

carbohydrate

33
Q

In order to get a person to VO2max, they need to come out of what?

A

steady state exercise

34
Q

RER is a ratio of what?

A

VCO2 produced/VO2 consumed

35
Q

Running a marathon requires mostly what kind of energy systems?

A

aerobic metabolism and beta oxidation

36
Q

What are the kcals for the macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates: 4
Protein: 4
Fat: 9
Alcohol: 7

37
Q

Lactate can be removed via what process?

A

Cori cycle

38
Q

Which kind of sport uses a mix of energy systems?

A

basketball

39
Q

During the oxygen deficit which energy systems are the main contributors?

A

anaerobic systems

40
Q

What slows the activation of energy required for a reaction to occur?

A

enzymes

41
Q

During steady state exercise what type of energy systems are primary contributors?

A

aerobic systems

42
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

cytosol/cytoplasm

43
Q

Where are NADH+H+ and FADH2 used?

A

Electron transport chain

44
Q

ATP-PC equations

A

ATP —— ATPase – -> ADP & Pi
PCr + ADP —creatine kinase—> Cr & ATP

45
Q

What drives the reactions in the ETC?

A

electron carriers

46
Q

OBLA

A

point when blood lactate is greater than 4mM

47
Q

Point of ventilatory threshold (Tvent)

A

point when ventilation increases exponentially w/ increased intensity

48
Q

Calculating #of acetyl coA

A

(c/2)

49
Q

Calculating b-oxcytes

A

(c/2) -1

50
Q

What are our b-oxcytes?

A

NADH and FADH

51
Q

After calculating the number of ATPs produced by a fatty acid what needs to be done to communicate the cost of transporting the yield?

A

subtract from the total ATP production for the metabolism of one fatty acid.

52
Q

Acetyl coA produces how many ATP?

A

12

Exercise Physiology (3 decks)

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