Test #1 Flashcards
Why did the first colonists come to this country (main reason)?
Commerce
Is the US population getting older or younger
Older
How do people in the South feel about the Federal Government?
It should be smaller
Which group of people care most about Medicare and Social Secuirty?
Old people
Do people in the US have confidence in Congress?
No
When were state governments the most powerful?
The first 150 years of the US
The Stamp Act put a tax on
Paper
Who participated in Shay’s rebellion?
Farmers
Gibbons v Ogden – which part of the Constitution did the Marshall Court use?
Commerce clause
Which describes the relationship between the three branches of government?
Checks and balances
What did the anti-federalists insist on, to protect your civil liberties?
Bill of Rights
Which group would support strong state governments?
Anti-federalists
Which one describes a law that makes something illegal after the fact
Ex post facto
McCulloh v Maryland said ___ powers say Congress can create a national bank?
Implied
Which kind of grant is specific and restrictive?
Categorical
Which Act of Congress says the government can examine your private records?
USA Patriot Act
Cursing is an example of ___, which are not constitutionally protected
Fighting words
Which court case was about the right to privacy
Lawrence v Texas (2003)
Plessy v Ferguson ushered in the ____ doctrine
separate but equal
Which describes something denied to black people in the Black codes
Voting
The intermediate standard of review is for which kind of discrimination?
Sex-based
Giving men’s programs more money than women’s programs at college is a violation of?
Title IX
Was the Equal Rights Amendment ever ratified?
No
Which Act did the Supreme Court use to say that Trump shutting down DACA was unconstitutional?
The Administrative Procedures Act
What are core American values?
Liberty, equality, individualism, and self-governance
How have the American people and their culture changed over time?
- size and population trends
- racial and ethnic composition
- ISSUES OF AN AGING POPULATION
- religious beliefs
- family and family size
-regional growth and expansion
How many states ratified the Constitution in 1789
Nine
How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution?
Nine
What is federalism?
Division of powers and functions between the national government and state governments
9th Amendment
Guarantees that just because there is a special listing of rights in the BOR doesn’t mean that others don’t exist
10th Amendment
The powers not delegated to the national gov are RESERVED to the states or to the people
This kind of due process says state governments are the ones that need to prove their laws are a valid exercise of government power
Substantive due process
the fourteenth amendment allowed for the application of the bill of rights to state and local governments, or selective ______
Incorporation
What is selective incorporation?
a constitutional doctrine that protects American citizens from states enacting laws that could infringe upon their rights.
What is Establishment Clause?
The national government cannot establish an official church.
Separation between church and state.
What types of speeches are protected by the First Amendment?
Political speech/ political cartoons
Hate speech
Student speech
Our expectations of our federal government have done this over time
Increased
prayer in school cannot be _______ or it is unconstitutional
Mandatory
if the cops come into your house without a warrant and find drugs, the exclusionary rule says no evidence allowed in court that was seized in this way
Illegally
used the courts to challenge school segregation
NAACP
the form that federallism took after the Great Depression
Cooperative
these requests for federal money are also called earmarks
Progmmatic
the founding fathers agreed enslaved peoples would count as this fraction of a person for the purpose of seats in the House of Representatives
Three fifths
the percentage of Americans that came to the US from another country
Fifteen
the only western country that still uses the death penalty
The United States
Obama helped get passed this act, which addressed gender-based pay discrimination
Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (2009). Overruled the SC decision that women could not seek redress of grievances under the provisions of the Equal Pay Act of 1963 for discrimination that had occurred over a period of years.
the Supreme Court uses strict scrutiny when there is a law separating people based on this.
Race
Calhoun thought a state could declare they didn’t want to and wouldn’t follow a federal law
Nullification
these governments increased their powers with things like grants and mask mandates during COVID-19
State and local
the establishment clause says the government cannot set up a state church and make everyone follow the same _______
Religion
the tenth amendment says these are powers for states or localities
Reserved
in 2008, the Supreme Court said enemy combatants have the right to habaes corpus or their _________
Day in court
famous for the social contract theory
Locke
the clause that says the constitution is the supreme law of the land
The Supremacy clause
clause used in McCulloch v Maryland
The Supremacy Clause
our form of government during the Revolutionary war
Confederate
also known as a representative democracy, like what we have in the US
Republic
this amendment says everyone gets due process and equal protection under the law
Fourteenth
main reason the colonists rebelled
Taxes
What are earmarks?
a congressional directive that funds should be spent on a specific project.
What does the due process clause of the 14th Amendment requires state and local govs to do?
guarantee rights stated in the BOR
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
The Supreme Court case established that Congress had the power to establish a national bank and that a state (in this case, Maryland) did not have the power to tax branches of the federal government that are carrying out powers legal in the Constitution.
The Supremacy Clause
establishes that the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws, and even state constitutions.
What does using a strict scrutiny test mean?
Means that the burden of proof would fall on the
government to show that the law in question WAS
constitutional
Full faith and Credit Clause
The states should honor acts from other states.
Comity clause
If you are entitled to a privilege in one state, you are also entitled to it in another state
Interstate Compact Clause
States can enter into agreements.
The commerce clause
gives Congress broad power to regulate interstate commerce and restricts states from impairing interstate commerce
Gibbons v Ogden (1824)
established the principle that states cannot, by legislative enactment, interfere with the power of Congress to regulate commerce.
Dual Federalism
Early to mid 1800s
Crisis over how power is divided between the states and national gov.
A major issue was slavery
Cooperative Federalism
During and after the Great Depression.
Uses aid strategically to pursue nationally defined goals.
