Test 1 Flashcards
What is the best model of development?
Transactional model of development
Zygote
once gametes join and their genetic material melds together
Genes
(segments of DNA) provide biochemical instructions cells need to function in the body
karyotype
chromosomal portrait
What determines sex?
23rd chromosome
XX= female
XY=male
What are mono-zygotic twins?
identical, 1 egg and 1 sperm that splits
What are dizygotic twins?
fraternal, 2 eggs and 2 sperm
What is the sum total of all genes you inherit?
genotype
What are the genes that are expressed?
phenotype
What period of time is most susceptible to teratogens during pregnancy?
Period of embryo >9 wks.
What is the first two weeks of pregnancy
Germinal stage
What provides some protection but many things can be transmitted through it?
Placenta
What is head to tail(toe)?
Cephalo-Caudal-
What is near to far ( from spine outward)?
Proximo-Distal-
What week does the heart begin to beat?
4 weeks
When do upper arms, forearms, hands, fingers, toes and feet develop?
Week 5
When are limbs distinct and bones begin to form?
Week 8
What happens during 1st trimester? (1st to 3rd month)
usually experience morning sickness
What happens during 2nd trimester? (4th to 6th month)
-hair
-fingers/toes elongate, nails form, teeth buds
-fetus covered un lanugo and vernix
-infant can suck thumb
-period of fetal movements
What happens in 3rd trimester?
-period of rapid growth
-brain continues to develop
-activity of fetus decreases
-
What does the study of human development seek to understand?
how people change or remain the same over time
What is the scientific method steps?
- Curiousity
2.Form a hypothesis
3.Test the hypothesis
4.Draw conclusions - Report the results
What is repeating a studys procedures and methods with different participants?
Replication
What is the microsystem?
immediate social contexts like family
what is exosystem?
school and church
what is mesosystem?
connections among other systems
what is macrosystem?
cultural values, economic policies, and political processes
What is a critical period?
When something must occur for normal development
What is a cesarean section?
when the fetus is removed through incsion in the mothers abdomen instead of being pushed by contraction through vagina.
Whats the recovery for c section?
6 weeks
what is the leboyer method?
-focused on infant
-born into water
-dim lights and soft music
-no dads
problems
-infection/cold/dad needs to bond
What is the lamaze method?
-decrease use in medications
-breathing, visualization,partner coaching
-other natural methods
problems
-late in preganancy
-hyperventilate
-distraction techniques might not help
What is the bradley method?
-meet early for nutrition advice
-exercises
-relaxation not distraction
-birth plan
What is dilation?
the gradual opening of the cervix measured from 0 to 10 cms.
What is stage 1 of labor?
latent or early phase
-up to 24 hrs
-cervix dilates 2-3cm
-may not realize ur in labor
-lose cervical plug
What is 2nd phase of labor?
active phase
-cervix is 3-9cm
-contractions regular
What are the best positions for labor?
squatting, standing
What is third phase of labor?
Transition
-9-10cm
-most painful
What is apgar?
rating scale to check on babies health
check for heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, color, reflex irrritability
What is a low birthweight?
<2500 gms
What is a very low birthweight?
<1500 gms
What is an extremely low birthweight?
<1000 gms
What can help babies stay healthy?
breastmilk, kangaroo care
What is post partum depression?
a sense of inadequcy and sadness called baby blues and postpartum pschosis in most severe.
What is CMW?
A virus that can be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy.
This can cause hearing, vision loss, brain damage, seizures.
What is toxoplasomosis?
can cause blindness and cogntivie delay.
can get it from kitty litter and gardening
What is fetal alcohol syndrome?
-facial charactersitics
-cognitive delays
-severe adhd
-stunted growth
-heart defects
-small eye openings
-thin upper lio
What happens to the baby from smoking?
-decreases oxygen in moms body and to infant
-smoking increases which birthweight decreases
-nicotine crosses placental barrier and newborns go through withdrawal (irritable, trouble eating, sleeping)
What can antibiotics do to a child?
tetracycline causes skeletal abnormalitles and darkened teeth
What happens to newborns when there malnourished?
-takes two generations to recover
-especially during 3rd trimester
-increased risk for preterm birth, low birthweight
-more irrtiable and difficult to soothe
