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Therapeutic Rehab > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Considerations

A

Primary goal is to create environment for athlete/ patient that is safe

When injury occurs focus shifts from prevention to rehabilitation

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2
Q

In the Sports Medicine setting the AT is responsible for what?

A

Design, Implementation and Supervision

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3
Q

Principles of Rehabilitation acronym

A

ATC IS IT

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4
Q

ATC IS IT meaning

A

A: Avoid aggravation
T: Timing
C: Compliance

I: Individualization
S: Specific sequencing

I: Intensity
T: Total Patient

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5
Q

Rehabilitation Team Primary Members examples

A

Athletic trainer
Physician
Patient
Orthopedist
Podiatrist
Ophthalmologist
Psychologist or counselor
Physical therapist
Parents or spouse
Coach
School nurse

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6
Q

Rehabilitation Team Secondary Members

A

Emergency medical technicians
Orthotist
Pharmacist
Kinesiologist
Exercise physiologist
Nutritionist
Attorney
Supervisor
Peers
Sport team members
Equipment manager
Teachers
Athletic administrator

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7
Q

Qualities of Professionalism

A

Abiding by ethical standards
(e.g., NATA Code of Ethics)

Abiding by legal standards
(e.g., state regulations)

Consent from patient

Purposeful touch

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8
Q

AT overseeing protocol must have understanding of the following:

A

Knowledge of how injury was sustained

Major anatomical structures affected

Degree and grade of trauma

Stage/ phase of the injury healing

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9
Q

Who are athletic trainers expected to communicate with?

A

Patient
Physician
Family
Coach
Secondary Team Members
Concerns

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10
Q

What is the goal of sports medicine rehabilitation?

A

return athlete as safely and quickly as possible

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11
Q

What is the acronym for determining exercise intensity?

A

“S.A.I.D.” Principle

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12
Q

“S.A.I.D.” Principle

A

Specific
Adaptation
to
Imposed
Demands

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13
Q

Explanation behind the “S.A.I.D.” Principle

A

When an injured structure is subjected to stresses and overloads of varying intensities it will gradually adapt over time to whatever demands are placed on it

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14
Q

Exercise intensity cannot be great enough to do what to an injury before the injured structure has had a chance to adapt?

A

exacerbate the injury

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15
Q

What are the indications that exercise is too intense?

A

Increased swelling

Increased pain

Loss of/ plateau of strength in ROM

Increase in laxity of healing structure

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16
Q

Early exercise rehabilitation involves what?

A

sub-maximal exercise performed in short bouts several times daily

(low intensity, high frequency)

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17
Q

Exercise intensity must be what?

A

equal with the healing process

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18
Q

As recovery increases/Late exercise rehabilitation involves what?

A

intensity of exercise increases and is performed less times daily
(high intensity, low frequency)

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19
Q

What aspect during the healing process is often neglected regarding the athlete?

A

the psychological aspect of how an athlete deals with the injury

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20
Q

What are the two kinds of injuries?

A

acute and chronic

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21
Q

Acute injury

A

single defining moment that causes the injury (dislocation/sprains)

  • macrotrauma
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22
Q

Chronic injury

A

injury that occurs over the span of time (stress fractures/shin splints)

  • microtrauma
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23
Q

The kinetic chain is what?

A

the entire kinetic chain is an integrated functional unit

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24
Q

Kinetic chain is composed of what?

A

– Muscle, tendon, ligament, fascia

– Articular system, neural system

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25
Q

If any of the systems are not working efficiently, what occurs?

A

the other systems are forced to adapt and compensate

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26
Q

Injury to the kinetic chain rarely what?

A

involves only one structure

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27
Q

Acronym for controlling swelling

A

PRICE

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28
Q

PRICE

A

P – Protection
R – Rest (Restricted Activity)
I – Ice
C – Compression
E - Elevation

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29
Q

What is absolutely essential to developing functional strength?

A

core stabilization

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30
Q

Core stabilization is what?

A

Considered to be the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex which functions to dynamically stabilize the entire kinetic chain during functional movements

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31
Q

Therapeutic Exercise Progression (pyramid)

A

Must address the following in order
1. Flexibility and range of motion
2. Muscle strength and endurance
3. Balance, coordination and agility
4. Functional performance
5. Performance specific activities

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32
Q

Define Evidence-Based Practice

A

The application of information gleaned from current, quality research

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33
Q

Define Outcomes-Based Practice

A

Provides information on treatment perceptions. (what the patient feels/experience)

  • think the smiley face chart with the pain/improvement scale
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34
Q

AT’s need to avoid what kind of approach to rehabilitation?

A

the “cookbook” rehabilitation
protocols that be followed like a recipe

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35
Q

What happens without proximal or core stability in the body?

A

the distal movers cannot function optimally to efficiently utilize their strength and power

36
Q

Loss of ROM can be attributed to what factors?

A
  • Resistance of musculotendinous unit to stretch
    – Contracture of connective tissue
    – Muscle imbalances
    – Postural imbalance
    – Neural tension
    – Joint dysfunction
37
Q

Open-kinetic chain

A

exists when the foot or hand is not in contact with the ground or some other surface
– non weight bearing

38
Q

Closed-kinetic chain

A

exists when the foot or
hand is in contact with the ground or some other surface
– weight bearing

39
Q

What are the phases of healing?

A

Hemostasis

Inflammatory response phase (recruit cells and nutrients)

Fibroblastic repair phase (scab)

Maturation & remodeling phase (hardens/skin)

40
Q

What are the types of primary injuries?

A

microtraumatic and macrotraumatic

41
Q

Microtrauamtic =

A

overuse injury
- repetitive overloading or incorrect mechanisms

42
Q

Macrotraumatic =

A

result of acute trauma and
produce immediate pain and disability

43
Q

What are examples of macrotraumatic injuries?

A

Fractures, dislocations, subluxations, sprains, strains,
contusions

44
Q

Chronic and acute injuries both cause what reaction?

A

reduced function

45
Q

Reduced function for a chronic injury looks like what?

A

inappropriate neural feedback
increased tissue stress

46
Q

Reduced function for a acute injury looks like what?

A

scar tissue adhesions
atrophy

47
Q

The effects of reduced function caused by an acute and chronic injury both cause what?

A

dysfunctional movement with neural changes

48
Q

The inflammatory response phase causes what?

A

Redness, swelling, tenderness, increased temperature

49
Q

Formation of a Clot Process

A
  • Injury exposes collagen in vascular wall where platelets can adhere to create a sticky matrix
  • Plug obstruct local lymphatic fluid drainage and localizes injury response
  • Clot formation begins around 12 hours after injury and is completed around 48 hours
  • Initial inflammatory phase lasts up to 2-4 days after initial injury
50
Q

Sprain _____________, strain ___________.

A

ligaments, muscles

51
Q

Grade 1 Ligament Sprain

A

mild stretching
mild (or no) joint instability
mild pain
mild swelling
mild joint stiffness

52
Q

Grade 2 Ligament Sprain

A

Moderate tearing or stretching
moderate instability
moderate (or severe) pain
moderate swelling
moderate joint stiffness

53
Q

Grade 3 Ligament Sprain

A

complete rupture
severe joint instability
severe pain
severe swelling
severe joint stiffness
- will probably require some type of immobilization

54
Q

Types of Fractures: Oblique

A

diagonal crack across the bone; 2 jagged pointed ends

55
Q

Types of Fractures: Greenstick

A

Splintering of bone
- common in children

56
Q

Types of Fractures: Comminuted

A

multiple fragments displaced
- surgically repaired

57
Q

Types of Fractures: Transverse

A

crack perpendicular; linear fracture runs parallel
(Straight across basically)

58
Q

Types of Fractures: Impacted

A

one end of bone driven up into the other

59
Q

Types of Fractures: Avulsion

A

fragment pulled away at the bony attachment

60
Q

Types of Fractures: Spiral

A

Similar to oblique but there is also an element of twisting

61
Q

Types of Fractures: Stress

A

Result of overuse or fatigue

62
Q

Why does cartilage/meniscus have a difficult time healing?

A

poor blood upply

63
Q

Skeletal muscle features

A
  • striated
  • multi-nucleated
  • voluntary
  • attached to skeleton
64
Q

Grade 1 Strain

A

some muscle or tendon fibers torn.

Active motion produces mild pain.

Movement is painful but
possible

65
Q

Grade 2 Strain

A

some muscle or tendon fibers torn.

Active contraction of muscle is painful.

Usually produces
palpable depression.

Some swelling may be present

66
Q

Grade 3 Strain

A

complete rupture of muscle fibers.

Athlete has significant impairment and/or total loss of
movement.

Pain is intense (but diminishes because of ruptured nerve endings

67
Q

What kind of nerve cells can not regenerate once the nerve cell has died?

A

specialized nerve cells

68
Q

HOPS acronym

A

H- History
O- Observation
P- Palpation
S- Special testing

69
Q

SOAP acronym

A

S- Subjective
O- Objective
A- Assessment
P- Plan

70
Q

What is a good history question?

A

an open-ended question; no yes or no questions

71
Q

What is the purpose of performing palpations?

A

to localize as closely as possible the potential pathological tissues involved

72
Q

In what manner should an AT go about performing palpations?

A
  • gentle reassuring touch, with frequent communication
  • begin on the uninjured side-> to the injured side
  • start with structures further away from the site of injury and
    work towards to the painful area
  • minimize excessive movement
73
Q

When performing Special Tests for ROM in what order should the test be done?

A

ACTIVE ROM → PASSIVE ROM → RESISTED ROM

74
Q

Specific Muscle Test Grading: Grade 0 (Zero)

A

No evidence of muscle contraction

75
Q

Specific Muscle Test Grading: Grade 1 (Trace)

A

Evidence of slight muscle contraction with no joint motion

76
Q

Specific Muscle Test Grading: Grade 2 (Poor)

A

Complete AROM with gravity eliminated

77
Q

Specific Muscle Test Grading: Grade 3 (Fair)

A

Complete AROM against gravity with no resistance

78
Q

Specific Muscle Test Grading: Grade 4 (Good)

A

Complete AROM against gravity with some resistance

79
Q

Specific Muscle Test Grading: Grade 5 (Normal)

A

Complete AROM against gravity with maximum resistance

80
Q

Which muscles are prone to tightness?

A

Gastroc/ Soleus
Hamstrings/Quads
Iliopsoas/ Hip Flexor
Pectoralis Major
Upper Traps

81
Q

Which muscles are prone to weakness?

A

Gluteus Maximus/ Minimus
Anterior Tibialis/ Peroneals
Abdominals
Lower Traps
Rhomboids/Serratus Anterior

82
Q

What are the special test for joints?

A

joint stability tests and joint compression tests

83
Q

Joint stability tests

A
  • Assess integrity of inert joint tissues
    – Joint capsules and ligaments
    – Used to assess joint laxity
84
Q

Joint compression tests

A

Assess integrity of inert joint tissues that line joint surfaces such as articular cartilage
and meniscus

85
Q

Define Functional Testing

A

to observe athlete in functional movement patterns (i.e., explosive movements)

Therapeutic Rehab (4 decks)

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