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Biomechanics > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Biomechanics

A

The study of forces and their effects on living organisms

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2
Q

What is Mechanics

A

The study of force and motion

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3
Q

What is Force

A

A push or a pull that has the ability to accelerate an object. vector quantity, that is usually measured in Newtons

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4
Q

What is Mass

A

The amount of matter an object is made of. Scalar quantity

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5
Q

What 5 steps do you use to describe motion

A
  1. Name the Action
  2. Name the plane it occurs in
  3. Name the segment that moves
  4. Name the joint at which it moves
  5. Give the angles of movement
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6
Q

What are the degrees of the joints in anatomical position

A

all joints are 0 degrees except the ankle is at 90 degrees

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7
Q

How does flexion/extension affects the angles of your body in anatmical position

A

flexion increases joint angle, extension decreases

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8
Q

What is internal force and an example

A

a force within a body that doesn’t (alone) accelerate the whole body mass.
Movement about a joint, or heart muscle

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9
Q

What is an external force and an example

A

outside Force put on an object that has the ability to accelerate the whole body mass (golfball being hit by a driver)

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10
Q

What is non-contact force

A

force without contact (GRAVITY)

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11
Q

What is a contact force

A

force from two or more objects coming in contact with each other

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12
Q

What are the 2 kinds of contact force

A

Normal force and Friction force

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13
Q

What is normal force

A

Force that is applied perpendicular to the contact surfaces

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14
Q

What is friction force

A

Force that is parallel to the contact surfaces

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15
Q

What are the two kinds of friction force

A

Static friction and dynamic friction

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16
Q

What is static friction

A

the friction force when there is no movement between the contact surfaces

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17
Q

What is dynamic fricition

A

the friction force when the two contact surfaces are moving past each other.

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18
Q

What is the relationship between dynamic and static friciton

A

Static friction is greater than dynamic friction

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19
Q

What is the scale for the coefficient of friction

A

0-1, 0 being very slippery, 1 being completely sticky

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20
Q

What is static friction

A

It’s when the sum of all of the forces on the object = 0. Meaning there is no acceleration

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21
Q

What is kinematics

A

The study of motion without regards to force

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22
Q

What is linear motion

A

Motion in a straight line

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23
Q

What are the two kinds of linear motion

A

Rectalinear and curvalinear

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24
Q

What is rectalinear motion and an example

A

All points move IN STRAIGHT LINES, the same direction and distance in the same amount of time.
(moving walkway)

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25
Q

What is curvalinear motion and an example

A

all points the same direction and distance in the same amount of time, but they do NOT move in straight lines (jumping on a tramp, landing in the same position but on a different part of the tramp)

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26
Q

What is angular motion (example)

A

Rotation, movement that often involves a fixed axis (feet stay still but you tip over)

27
Q

What is general motion (example)

A

a combination of linear and angular motion (walking, body moves linearly, but segments move with angular motion)

28
Q

What are the 4 kinematic variables

A
  1. Position
  2. Displacement
  3. Velocity
  4. Acceleration
29
Q

What is position

A

Your location relative to a certain point

30
Q

What is displacement

A

(P2-P1) where you are relative to where you once were. (Change in position)

31
Q

What is velocity

A

displacement divided by time.

32
Q

What is acceleration

A

change in velocity divided by time.

33
Q

What is speed

A

distance divided by time

34
Q

what is distance

A

how far you have traveled

35
Q

What is the temporal midpoint

A

1/2 way point in time

36
Q

When do you use the temporal midpoint

A

When you are trying to find average speed during that time (More measurements = more accuracy)

37
Q

What is average speed

A

total distance/ total time

38
Q

What is instantaneous speed

A

how fast you are traveling at a certain moment in time

39
Q

How do we find the instantaneous speed

A

use the temporal midpoint to find the average speed of a very short period of time.

40
Q

Is the acceleration of a projectile constant

  1. horizontal
  2. vertical
A

Yes to both

  1. 0
  2. -9.81 m/s/s
41
Q

is the velocity of a projectile constant

  1. for the x axis
  2. for the y axis
A
  1. Yes

2. No

42
Q

What is the vertical velocity of a projectile at max height

A

0 m/s

43
Q

what are the variables that affect dx

A
  1. angle
  2. horizontal velocity
  3. time it is in the air
  4. height of release
44
Q

how does the angle affect dx

A

The higher the angle, the less horizontal velocity, but the greater the time in the air.

45
Q

How does horizontal velocity affect dx

A

the faster it moves the more ground it can cover

46
Q

How does time in the air affect dx

A

the longer it is in the air the more time is has to move horizontally

47
Q

how does height of release affect dx

A

the higher you release it from the more time that it has in the air, but also the higher you move, the more you can lower the angle, and thereby increase horizontal velocity, without sacrificing too much time in the air

48
Q

What is kinetics

A

the study of motion with regard to force

49
Q

What is newtons 1st law

A

a body will have remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force. (no acceleration)

50
Q

What is inertia

A

an objects resistance to acceleration (quantified by mass)

51
Q

What is momentum

A

Mass x Velocity

52
Q

what does the u stand for in the momentum equations

A

velocity before impact

53
Q

Why does post impact velocity matter

A

will in sports like baseball the speed of the ball after will be beneficial

54
Q

what is an elastic collision

A

when momentum is mostly conserved (superballs)

55
Q

What is an elastic collision

A

when momentum is mostly lost (playdough)

56
Q

What is the coefficient of restitution

A

comparison of post impact velocities to pre impact velocites

57
Q

what is the coefficient of restitution for elastic collisions , then inelastic collision

A

close to 1 for elastic, close to 0 for inelastic

58
Q

What is Newtons 2nd law

A

(Law of acceleration) an outside force will cause a body to accelerate in the direction of the force, proportional to the magnitude of the force, inversly proportional to the mass of the body

59
Q

What is impulse

A

force applied throughout a duration of time

60
Q

how do you find impulse

A
  1. Average force X time

2. integral (space under curve) of the force x time graph

61
Q

What does an impulse cause

A

Change in momentum (change in velocity)

62
Q

What is newtons 3rd law

A

When a body puts a force on another body, that second body puts a reactionary force back on the first body that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

63
Q

What is Newtons law of gravitation

A

all bodies are attracted to one another proportional to the product of their masses over the square of the distance between them.

Biomechanics (7 decks)

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