test 1

Question 1

Life-span development covers the period from __________ to __________.

Answer 1

conception; death

Question 2

Most developmentalists tend to believe that…

Answer 2

Development is influenced by nature and nurture, and is it characterized by continuity and discontinuity and also by stability and change.

Question 3

What are the steps of the Scientific Method?

Answer 3

Conceptualize a problem to be studied, collect research information, analyze data, and draw conclusions

Question 4

Studying the influences of the unconscious mind and early experiences with parents are paramount in what theories?

Answer 4

Psychoanalytic theories

Question 5

Studying what can be observed and measured is important to what theory of development?

Answer 5

Behaviorism

Question 6

A main problem with survey research is what?

Answer 6

Participants may lie

Question 7

The love a parent has for a child is an example of a __________________ connection.

Answer 7

Socioemotional.

Question 8

What developmental stage reflects complete dependence on the parents?

Answer 8

Infancy

Question 9

According to Skinner, what would you use to change a behavior?

Answer 9

Positive and negative reinforcements.

Question 10

Natural selection favors individuals of a species that are best able to …

Answer 10

survive; reproduce

Question 11

What is a double-helix-shaped molecule that contains genetic information?

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

All of a person’s genetic material makes up the __________, whereas the __________ consists of only observable characteristics.

Answer 12

genotype; phenotype

Question 13

Exposure to teratogens after organogenesis is complete is most likely to result in

Answer 13

stunted growth

Question 14

Maternal exposure to intense feelings and stress can have a long-term on her child after birth

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Early maturation in girls is linked to?

Answer 15

problem behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and having an eating disorder

Question 16

A newborn’s brain is __________ percent of its adult weight and grows to __________ percent of its adult weight by 2 years of age.

Answer 16

25; 75

Question 17

The prefrontal cortex, which is the highest level of the frontal lobes, is involved in reasoning, decision making, and self-control. It finishes most of its development during

Answer 17

late adolescence

Question 18

The amygdala, a structure particularly involved with emotion, matures much earlier than the prefrontal cortex. This may account for which of the following?

Answer 18

adolescents’ risky, impulsive behavior

Question 19

What happens to the brain’s weight and volume as it ages?

Answer 19

weight and volume decrease

Question 20

What hormone is produced by the brain’s pineal gland when preparing the body for sleep?

Answer 20

melatonin

Question 21

What is the purpose of reflexes in an infant’s behavior?

Answer 21

Survival until they have an opportunity to learn adaptive behaviors

Question 22

What reflex is characterized by an infant arching their back, throwing back their head, and flinging out their arms?

Answer 22

Moro

Question 23

Due to the reflex, stroking the cheek of a newborn will elicit this behavior________.

Answer 23

Rooting

Question 24

Peal physical performance usually happens before age________

Answer 24

30

Question 25

What gender usually progresses faster in fine motor skills such as buttoning a shirt or cutting with scissors?

Answer 25

Females

Question 26

What gender usually progresses faster in gross motor skills such as running and kicking?

Answer 26

Males

Question 27

New fine motor skills for an infant such as picking up a small object can be linked to the development of the _____________ grip?

Answer 27

Pincer

Question 28

Information must interact with sensory receptors before _________________________ can take place.

Answer 28

Perception

Question 29

Define the Gibsons' term "affordances"...

Answer 29

Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities. (seeing an elevator button and pushing it)

Question 30

The phenomenon in which the behavior of children begins to depend on the behavior of the parents, and the parents' behavior depends on the behavior of the child, is called

Answer 30

Reciprocal socialization

Question 31

According to the epigenetic view, development is:

Answer 31

A bidirectional exchange between heredity and environment.

Question 32

The term "scaffolding" when it comes to parenting means what?

Answer 32

The framework that parents build to help encourage independent action of their child.

Question 33

The increased urbanization and mobility in our society has led to ______________.

Answer 33

A lack of intergenerational family support.

Question 34

Immigrant families can experience pressure to change their cultural identity (True or False).

Answer 34

True.

Question 35

According to Gottman's research, love maps can make a marriage successful because?

Answer 35

They provide insight into each member of the couples' world of experiences.

Question 36

Advantages of having children at an older age (30's):

Answer 36

Financial and emotional stability

Question 37

Advantages of having children at a younger age (20's):

Answer 37

Fewer built-up expectations, physical health

Question 38

What are Baumrind's 4 styles of parenting?

Answer 38

Authoritative, Authoritarian, Indulgent/Permissive, Neglectful

Question 39

Which of the following is almost always present when other forms of maltreatment are identified?

Answer 39

Emotional abuse

Question 40

Social isolation, single parenting, low socioeconomic status are all risk factors for?

Answer 40

Child abuse.

Question 41

Children who have been abused are more predisposed to attachment problems, depression, and delinquency (true/false).

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Relationships between parents and emerging adults becomes psychologically ________________ after they leave the nest.

Answer 42

Closer

Question 43

Children of divorced parents typically have ________________ (minor or significant) adjustment difficulties.

Answer 43

Minor

Question 44

Support, cooperation, and agreement between divorcing parents can have a positive impact on their child (true/false).

Answer 44

True