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Science > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a landslide?

A

A large amount of earth, rock, and other material that moves down a steep slope.

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2
Q

What is a volcano?

A

A vent or opening in the earth’s surface through which molten rock, gases and ash erupt.

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3
Q

What is an earthquake?

A

Sudden shaking of the ground that occurs when masses of rock change position below the Earth’s crust

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4
Q

What is weathering?

A

A process that breaks down rocks and boulders, turning them into tiny pieces, it is caused by plants, animals, strong weather or chemical changes in the air.

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5
Q

What is erosion?

A

A process that moves soil and tiny rocks away from one place. This happens because of gravity, water or wind.

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6
Q

What is deposition?

A

The placing of broken down materials such as rocks, sand or soil in a new place. The broken down material is carried by wind, water or ice.

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7
Q

What are sediments?

A

Broken down material from the Earth such as rocks, sand, soil and is often carried away by wind, water or gravity and settles in its new location.

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8
Q

What are the four layers of the Earth?

A

Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core

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9
Q

How many miles is the earth from surface to Center?

A

4000 miles

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10
Q

What is the layer of the earth that we live on? (The outermost layer)

A

The crust.

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11
Q

What is the crust made of?

A

Rocks soil and seabed

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12
Q

How deep does the crust go?

A

5 miles deep below oceans and 25 miles deep below the continents.

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13
Q

What layer is below the crust?

A

The mantle.

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14
Q

How deep does the mantle go and how much of the earths weight does it make up?

A

It extends 1800 miles deep into the earth and makes up 85% of the earths mass.

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15
Q

What do the layers of the mantle consist of?

A

-The first 50 miles are hard rock.

  • The next 150 miles are super heated molten rock, so hot it can flow under pressure like tar.
  • underneath this is several hundred miles of rock.

It’s like a peanut butter sandwich.

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16
Q

What layer comes after the mantle?

A

The outer core.

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17
Q

What does the outer core consist of? How deep?

A

3000 miles. It consists of super hot molten lava. Lava is mostly made of iron which is why some geologists call it molten metal.

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18
Q

Which layer of the earth creates the earth’s magnetic field?

A

The outer core.

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19
Q

What is the final layer?

A

The inner core

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20
Q

What does the inner core consist of? How deep?

A

It’s 900 miles and is a solid ball of iron and other minerals.

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21
Q

How is the temperature of the inner core?

A

It is extremely hot. Between 9000 and 13000 degrees Fahrenheit. But because of high pressure, the iron and other minerals cannot melt. The heat of the inner core is sometimes compared to the heat of the sun.

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22
Q

How did scientists believe the four layers of the earth were formed ?

A

They believe that when the earth was formed it was a hot ball of rock and metals. They think that as the earth cooled the heavier parts sank to the inside and the lighter materials rise to the top. This explains why the inner core is made up of iron and the crust consists of lighter rock and loose material.

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23
Q

What is magma?

A

The molten rock inside the earths mantle.

24
Q

What is magma called when it erupts from a volcano ?

A

Lava

25
Q

What happens when lava cools?

A

It becomes new rock and soil and part of the earths crust.

26
Q

What is the geosphere?

A

The solid interior part of the earth that includes minerals, rocks, various landforms and processes that shape the earth’s surface.

27
Q

How do we know there is molten rock under the earth’s crust?

A

Because of volcanoes.

28
Q

which layer of the earth do plants and animals live?

A

The crust

29
Q

Is magma hot or cold?

A

hot

30
Q

What is just like a volcano but erupts with boiling water?

A

gyzer

31
Q

what are the names of the plates that make up the earth’s crust?

A

titonic plates

32
Q

the plates of the earths crust were all one piece called?

A

Pangea

33
Q

what forms when the earths plates spread apart and come together

A

Apart: deep underwater valleys Together: Mountains

34
Q

what is a volcano?

A

A mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth

35
Q

what can eruptions cause?

A

Lava flows, ash (hot) and mudslides

36
Q

what is a volcano that has recently erupted called?

A

active

37
Q

what are the three categories of volcanoes?

A

active, dormant and extinct

38
Q

what is a dormant volcano?

A

a volcano that has nt erupted in a long time but can erupt in the future.

39
Q

what is an extinct volcano?

A

has no way of erupting ( more that 1000 years)

40
Q

what are the three types of volcanoes?

A

cinder composite and sheild

41
Q

most common type of volcano

A

cinder cone

42
Q

tallest and steepest volcano

A

composite

43
Q

volcano with a wide base and large bowl shaped opening at the top?

A

sheild

44
Q

difference between magma and lava?

A

magma works itself up through the earths surface and erupts to be lava

45
Q

What is magma

A

Magma is a molten and semi-molten rock mixture found under the surface of the Earth

46
Q

What is lava

A

magma that reaches the earths surface

47
Q

What is eruption

A

to explode and suddenly send out rocks, ash and lava

48
Q

What is vent

A

opening at the top of a volcano where lava erupts

49
Q

What is crater

A

the area around the opening of the volcano that is shaped like a bowl

50
Q

What is volcanic ash

A

Volcanic ash is a mixture of rock, mineral, and glass particles expelled from a volcano during a volcanic eruption

51
Q

what is a scientist that studies rocks called?

A

a geologist

52
Q

what are the three types of rocks?

A

metamorphic - sedimentary - igneous

53
Q

What is igneous

A

“fire rock” most come from deep inside the earth’s core where rocks are in a liquid form called magma. magma cools very slowly inside the earths crust and creates one kind if igneous rock. Another kind forms after a volcano erupts. Liquid magma is called lava when it reaches the earths surface and blasts our of a volcano - when it cools it creates igneous rock. (Granite and obsidian)

54
Q

What is sedimentary rock

A

“sitting rock” formed when igneous rocks break down into smaller pieces and fall to the ground or to the bottom of a lake or river. After many years, layers of these tiny pieces of rock pile on top of one another. the layers eventually cement together to form asedimentary rock.

55
Q

What is metamorphic rock

A

“changed form” they start off as igneous or sedimentary but over time and under extreme heat or pressure they are changed into a different type of rock…. suck as limestone can become granite. this is the least common type of rock.

56
Q

what is the rock cycle?

A

each type f rock is formed in different ways but each rock can change into different types of rocks,

Science (7 decks)

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