Test #1 Flashcards
causation + the scientific study of something =
etiology (eti+ology)
Name some common triggers for depression
Work/academic stress Genetic predisposition Traumatic events Romantic Problems Familial problems
This type of condition develops or worsens over time, as in artherosclerosis
Chronic
In this type of condition, conditions appear or change, or worsen rapidly, as in a heart attack
Acute
Any perceptible change in the body or function that indicates disease or pathology. It is considered to be subjective, meaning the information is based on the patient’s personal perception of what they are feeling.
Symptom
Objective indicators of a disease, a manifestation that is noted by an observer.
Sign
prevalence of disease + the scientific study of something =
Epidemiology (Epidemia + ology)
All cases / population at risk =
Prevalance
New cases / population at risk =
Incidence
Aids in removing soil
Cleaner
Reduces number of bacteria
Sanitizer
Kills fungi, bacteria and viruses
Disinfectant
Eliminates all bacteria, bacteria, fungus and spores
Sterilant
Health organization whose primary role is to direct and coordinate international health within the United Nations system.
World Health Organization
The decision-making body of the WHO, comprised of health ministers from member states, who determine the WHO’s policies and approve the programme budget (where is it held?)
World Health Assembly (Geneva, Switzerland)
This health organization describes social determinants of health (SDOH) as the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
Healthy People 2030
This is the main Government of Canada agency responsible for public health in Canada
Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
(T/F) Under the Canadian constitution, health care
falls largely under the authority of the provinces.
Only provincial government have the power to
pass laws governing the financing and delivery
of health services to the majority of Canadians.
True
Ontario’s public health programs have 3 main focuses:
- prevention
- screening
- education
Public Health in Ontario is under the responsibility of the
Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care
Public health programs are delivered across the province by 36 ______________. A _____________ is a government health agency. They are set up by one or more municipalities to provide community health programs (e.g. Toronto Public Health). These programs are carried out by full-time, specially qualified staff.
Public health unit
Each public health unit is run by a __________, who reports to a local board of health. The board is largely made up of elected representatives from the local municipal councils. The ministry shares the cost of public health programs with the municipalities.
medical officer of health
Defined as an interruption, cessation or disorder of a body system or organ structure that is characterized by a recognized etiologic agent, an identifiable group of sign and symptoms, or consistent anatomic alterations.
Disease
Study of the disease process affecting the physiological functions of the body.
Pathophysiology
the study of the nature and cause of disease, which
involves changes in structures and function
Pathology
A disease or abnormal condition can involve _________ changes at the organ or system level, and/or microscopic changes at the cellular level.
gross
To establish the cause of a disease, pathology laboratory studies will perform a ______ on living tissue, during which a small amount tissue is excised and then examined. After death, this procedure is referred to as a _________ (aka post-mortem examination).
biopsy, autopsy
_____________concerns the causative factors in a particular disease. There may be one or many causative factors.
Etiology
Name 4 Etiology agents
- Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
- Physical trauma: trauma, burns, radiation
- Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol.
- Nutritional excesses and deficits
Disease present at birth
Congenital disorder
Disease that surfaces later in life
Aquired
When the cause of disease is unknown, it is termed ___________
Idiopathic
When a treatment, a procedure, or an error may cause a disease, it is described as ______________ e.g. urinary bladder infection following urinary catheterization.
iatrogenic
Risk factors aka ________ indicate a risk for a disease.
predisposing factors
A _________________ is an element that causes or contributes to the occurrence of a disorder, (i.e. a trigger), versus causing the disorder itself, such as something that initiates a seizure in an individual with seizure disorder.
precipitating factor
_______________ of disease is closely linked to etiology and predisposing factors for a specific disease.
Prevention
_____________ prevention:
Remove risk factors
Vaccination, safety equipment, staying active and fit
Primary
______________Prevention:
Detects disease early when it’s still asymptomatic and treatment
measures can affect a cure or stop it from progressing (screening)
E.g. Pap test, mammogram, blood test
Secondary
______________Prevention:
Clinical intervention to prevent further deterioration or reduce the
complications of disease once it has been diagnosed.
E.g. the use of beta-adrenergic drugs to reduce the risk of death in persons who have had a heart attack, stents, splints, physiotherapy, insulin for diabetics, etc.
Tertiary
____________ refers to the sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from the time of initial contact with an etiological agent until the ultimate expression of disease, e.g. atherosclerosis leading to coronary artery disease (CAD)
Pathogenisis
