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NUR 221, Exam 3 > Terrorism, mass casualty, and disaster nursing > Flashcards

Terrorism, mass casualty, and disaster nursing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or microbes as weapons?

A

Bioterrorism

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2
Q

what does the CDC assign the highest priority to?

A
  • -Agents that can be easily transmitted
  • -cause high mortality rate
  • -cause public panic
  • -disrupt society/gov’t.
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3
Q

In emergency preparedness, regulatory agencies….

A

have a plan

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4
Q

Emergency operations is required by the joint commission to….

A

create plan for emergency preparedness and practice it twice per year.

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5
Q

what should the plan for emergency preparedness entail?

A
  • -Activation response
  • -Internal/external communication plan
  • -plan for care
  • -security plan
  • -external resources
  • -people management
  • -demobilization
  • -after action response
  • -practice drills
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6
Q

What is an example of an external resource?

A

suppliers

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7
Q

What would the people management portion of emergency preparedness entail?

A

controlling traffic in and out of area

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8
Q

What does demobilization entail?

A

return to facility and return to normal function

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9
Q

what is the after action response?

A

Everyone involved will debrief

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10
Q

What are some examples of agents of bioterrorism?

A
  • -Plague
  • -SARS
  • -Anthrax
  • -Smallpox
  • -Botulism
  • -Ebola
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11
Q

The bubonic plague can come from a…

A

flea bite

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12
Q

SARS is a highly contagious virus and the patient should be on what precaution?

A

droplet

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13
Q

The pneumonic plague is considered a…

A

weaponized aerosol

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14
Q

A viral hemorrhagic fever such as Ebola is caused by exposure to…

A

animal reservoir host

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15
Q

Anthrax is contracted by inhalation and can cause…

A
  • -dyspnea
  • -fever
  • -cough
  • -wide mediastinum
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16
Q

If a person comes in direct contact with the anthrax spore they will need to be…

A

intubated

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17
Q

What precautions should be used with anthrax?

A

standard

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18
Q

What is the treatment for anthrax?

A

penicillin

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19
Q

What precaution is used with Smallpox?

A

airborne

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20
Q

What does smallpox look like and when does it become contagious?

A

raised then pus filled area

becomes contagious after rash appears

21
Q

What are signs of a person infected with smallpox?

A
  • -acute fever
  • -myalgia
  • -lesions that progress from macules to papules
22
Q

There is no cure for smallpox, when can a person be given a vaccine to prevent future exposure?

A

If rash has not developed

23
Q

If the nurse is exposed to smallpox when should she get vaccinated?

A

Within 4 days of exposure

24
Q

What precaution is used for botulism?

A

standard

25
Q

How is botulism spread?

A
  • -air/food
  • -improper canning of food
  • -contaminated wound
26
Q

what are signs of botulism exposure?

A
  • -abd. cramps
  • -D/N/V
  • -paralysis
  • -resp. failure
27
Q

what is the treatment for botulism exposure?

A
  • -induce vomiting
  • -enemas
  • -antitoxin
  • -mechanical ventilation
  • -penicillin
28
Q

Why is immediate treatment of botulism limited?

A

limited supply of antitoxin

29
Q

What are chemical weapons?

A

substances that can quickly injure/kill and cause panic and social disruption

30
Q

what are some examples of vesicants?

A
  • -Lewisite
  • -Sulfur/nitrogen mustard
  • -Phosgene
31
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of vesicant exposure?

A
  • -blistering/burning

- -respiratory issues

32
Q

What is the treatment if exposed to a vesicant?

A

–Decontaminate with soap and water (do not scrub or use hypochlorite)

33
Q

If there has been eye exposure with a vesicant, what should be done?

A

copious irrigation

34
Q

What is the treatment for Lewisite exposure?

A

Dimercaprol IV/topical

35
Q

If a person is exposed to sulfur mustard, how long should they be monitored for delayed effects?

A

24 hours

36
Q

what do nerve agents do?

A

causes cholinergic symptoms that progress to loss of consciousness, seizures, copious secretions, apnea, and death.

37
Q

What is the treatment for sulfur mustard exposure?

A
  • -atropine (dry up secretions)
  • -decontaminate with soap and water for 20 min
  • -blot dry (do not rub)
38
Q

What is radiation exposure affected by?

A
  • -time
  • -distance
  • -shielding
39
Q

what are the two types of radiation exposure?

A
  • -External

- -Contamination

40
Q

What is external radiation?

A

All/part of body exposed (not emergency, do not need to contaminate)

41
Q

What are radiation contaminants?

A

–radioactive gases, liquids, or solids

42
Q

Why is immediate medical management needed for radiation contamination?

A

Prevent uptake of radioactive material into cells/tissues

43
Q

Where should radiation decontamination be done?

A

outside of hospital

44
Q

What should staff consider when doing radiation decontamination?

A
  • -cover floor
  • -strict isolation precautions
  • -Seal air ducts/vents
  • -double bag waste
45
Q

What should the nurse wear when doing radiation decontamination?

A
  • -water resistant gown
  • -two pairs of gloves
  • -caps
  • -goggles
  • -mask
  • -booties
46
Q

With acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Who would be a probable survivor?

A

no/minimal initial symptoms

47
Q

With ARS, who would be a possible survivor?

A

–if had N/V for 24-48 hours

48
Q

What is the priority for a possible survivor of ARS?

A

prevent infection

anticipate latent phase

49
Q

With ARS, who would be an improbable survivor?

A

Acute N/V/D

Shock

NUR 221, Exam 3 (7 decks)

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