Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 221, Exam 3 > meningitis > Flashcards

meningitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the meninges?

A

surround brain and spinal cord. Cushion, protect, and create CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 3 layers does the meninges consist of?

A
  • -dura mater
  • -arachnoid
  • -pia mater
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why can bacteria multiply without causing inflammation?

A

Because CSF contains low amount of WBC’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 types of meningitis?

A
  • -Viral
  • -fungal
  • -bacterial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What viruses can cause viral meningitis?

A
  • -enterovirus
  • -arborvirus (west nile)
  • -herpes simplex virus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What fungal spores can cause fungal meningitis?

A

–Crytpococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What people are at higher risk for getting fungal meningitis?

A
  • -diabetes
  • -HIV
  • -Cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bacterial meningitis can be life threatening and requires immediate medical attention. What types of bacteria can cause bacterial meningitis?

A
  • -streptococcus pneumoniae
  • -Neisseria Meningitidis
  • -Group B strep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some illnesses that can cause bacterial meningitis?

A
  • -otitis media
  • -sinusitis
  • -pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are some illness that can cause viral meningitis?

A
  • -measles
  • -mumps
  • -west nile
  • -herpes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some other risk factors for acquiring meningitis?

A
  • -immunocompromised
  • -contaminated CSF
  • -skull fracture, invasive procedures, penetrating wounds
  • -dorms, shelters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of meningitis?

A
  • -high fever
  • -headache (may have N/V with it)
  • -nuchal rigidity
  • -photophobia
  • -confusion
  • -seizures
  • -+ kernigs sign
  • -+ Brudzinskis sign
  • -Rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of meningitis is associated with a red macular rash?

A

meningococcal meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Early meningitis mimics the…

A

flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some clinical manifestations seen in newborns/infants?

A
  • -constant, weak cry
  • -difficult to comfort (cry harder when held)
  • -Sluggish
  • -Poor feeding
  • -stiff body and neck
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What would indicate a late sign of meningitis in a newborn/infant?

A

bulging fontanels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What should be ruled out if meningitis is suspected with an elderly patient?

A

UTI (both meningitis and UTI cause confusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is nuchal rigidity?

A

When a patient has a stiff neck and cannot put head down toward chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is kernigs sign?

A

Stiffness of hamstring which causes inability to straighten leg when hip flexed 90 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a Brudzinski’s sign?

A

severe neck stiffness that causes a patients hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some lab test that can be done to diagnose meningitis?

A
  • -CBC
  • -Culture and Sensitivity
  • -CSF analysis
  • -CT and MRI
22
Q

What areas should be tested with the culture and sensitivity test?

A
  • -urine
  • -throat
  • -nose
  • -blood
23
Q

What is the most definitive test for meningitis?

A

CSF analysis

24
Q

If the meningitis is bacterial the CSF fluid will be…

A

cloudy

25
Q

If the meningitis is viral the CSF fluid will be….

A

clear

26
Q

If the CSF analysis is positive for meningitis, what will it show?

A
  • -cloudy/clear CSF
  • -elevated WBC’s
  • -Elevated protein
  • -Decreased glucose
  • -elevated CSF pressure
27
Q

Why would the CSF analysis show decreased glucose?

A

because bacteria eat glucose

28
Q

What antibiotics would be given to a person with bacterial meningitis?

A

–ceftriaxone/cefotaxime with vancomycin

prophylactic until results in

29
Q

What antibiotics would be given phrophylactic to people in close contact with client?

A
  • -cipro
  • -rifampin
  • -ceftriaxone
30
Q

What other meds can be given to a patient with meningitis?

A
  • -analgesic (Tylenol/ibuprofen)
  • -phenytoin (anticonvulsant)
  • -Dexamethasone (corticosteroid for inflammation)
31
Q

Why do we not give opioids to someone with meningitis?

A

mask changes in LOC

32
Q

What are some non-pharm treatments for meningitis?

A
  • -bed rest
  • -HOB 30 degrees
  • -increase fluids
  • -limit visitors
33
Q

What type of Standard precaution would a patient with meningitis be on?

A

Droplet

34
Q

How long will a patient need to be on droplet precautions for?

A

until been on antibiotics for 24 hours (some may need to stay on droplet)

35
Q

Who should meningitis be reported to?

A

Public health dept.

36
Q

What are some nursing care interventions the nurse can provide?

A

–reduce fever
–decrease stimuli (quiet, and dark)
–monitor for ICP
Tell client not to cough or sneeze
-monitor VS, neuro status q2-4 hours
–assist with ADL’s

37
Q

what type of safety precaution would the patient be on?

A 
Seizure precautions (pad rails)
--bed lowest position, call light within reach
38
Q

What are some interventions that can be done to reduce ICP?

A
  • -HOB above 30 degrees
  • -dont cough/sneeze/strain
  • -reduce stimuli
39
Q

What med can be given to a patient with ICP?

A

IV mannitol

40
Q

What are 3 vaccines that can help prevent meningitis?

A
  • -Hib
  • -PPSV
  • -MCV4
41
Q

How many doses of Hib is given and what is the age?

A
  • -4 doses

- -@ 2 months and final dose at 12-15 months

42
Q

Who do we give the PPSV vaccine?

A

> 65 yoa

  • -immunocompromised
  • -chronic disease
  • -smoke
  • -live in long term care facility
43
Q

The MCV4 vaccine can help prevent what type of meningitis?

A

Neisseria Meningitis

44
Q

When should MCV4 be given?

A

–Prior to going to military/college dorm

45
Q

When is the initial dose of MCV4 given and when is the booster given?

A
  • -11-12 yoa

- -16 yoa

46
Q

Where is the needle inserted in a lumbar puncture?

A

between L3 and L4, or L4 and L5

47
Q

What should the nurse tell the patient to do prior to a lumbar puncture?

A

void

48
Q

What position would the patient be in prior to a LP?

A

–side lying with head flexed and knees toward chest

49
Q

What is applied after a lumbar puncture?

A

pressure and elastic bandage

50
Q

What should the nurse monitor for after a LP?

A
  • -bleeding
  • -hematoma
  • -infection
51
Q

What position should a patient be in after a LP?

A

–flat in bed to prevent leakage of spinal fluid which can cause spinal headaches

NUR 221, Exam 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions