Terrorism and Security

Question 1

What are the three primary catagories of illicit behaviour?

Answer 1

Provision of illicit goods
Provision of illicit services
Infiltration of legitimate business/government

Question 2

What is organised crime extortion theory?

Answer 2

Easier crimes require; little training, sometimes no violence, no economic investment. The problem is public support (ideological campaign from criminal organisations)
Criminal governance provide public goods and services (allegiances) and substitute the state

Question 3

What is casual extortion?

Answer 3

Exploits opportunities to collect tributes from businesses, controls land and raids remote objects and establishes a predatory relationship with victims

Question 4

What is systematic extortion?

Answer 4

Satisfy the demand for private protection, maintain control over conquered territories and monopolise use of force, taxation and control of movement. Aspires to gain legitimacy and public support. (ISIS)

Question 5

What are the nine types of intelligence?

Answer 5

ELINT (electronic - radar)
HUMINT (human)
IMINT (imagery)
MASINT (measurement - nuclear)
OSINT (Open source)
PHOTINT (photographic - high altitude)
RADINT (radar)
SIGINT (signals)
TECHINT (Technical - equipment)

Question 6

What is the intelligence cycle?

Answer 6

DISSEMINATION (discuss)
PLANNING (decide)
COLLECTION (collect info)
ANALYSIS (analyse collected)

Question 7

What is genocide?

Answer 7

Genocide is a sustained purposeful action by a perpetrator to physically destroy a collective directly or indirectly, through interdiction of the biological and social reproduction of group members
- Totten and Bartrop 2009

Question 8

What is the first stage of genocide?

Answer 8

Classification
‘us versus them’
Dividing society and creating a power struggle between groups

Question 9

What is the second stage of genocide?

Answer 9

Symbolism

Names, languages, group uniforms, symbols/colours

Question 10

What is the third stage of genocide?

Answer 10

Dehumanisation

One group denies the humanity of another group and makes the victim group seem subhuman

Question 11

What is the fourth stage of genocide?

Answer 11

Organisation

Organising arms and financial support for the groups conducting massacres, plans made by elites for a ‘final solution’

Question 12

What is the fifth stage of genocide?

Answer 12

Polarisation
Extremists drive groups apart, hate groups broadcast/print propaganda, laws are passed forbidding intermarriage or social interraction and political moderates are silenced, threatened and killed

Question 13

What is the sixth stage of genocide?

Answer 13

Death lists are made and groups are seperated because of their ethnic or religious identity

Question 14

What is the seventh stage of genocide?

Answer 14

Extermination

Extermination begins and becomes genocide

Question 15

What is the eighth stage of genocide?

Answer 15

Denial
Denial of evidence
Deny genocidal intent
Blaming victims

Question 16

What are all eight stages of genocide?

Answer 16

1 - Classification
2 - Symbolism
3 - Dehumanisation
4 - Organisation
5 - Polarisation
6 - Genocide
7 - Extermination
8 - Denial

Question 17

Who classified the eight stages of genocide and in what year?

Answer 17

Stanton, 1996