Terrestrial Plants

Question 1

What is the most common type of seed in plants?

Answer 1

flowering plants

Question 2

Common characteristics between algae and plants

Answer 2

• cell walls
• chloroplasts (photosynthesis)

Question 3

Cell Walls

Answer 3

provide structural support at the cellular level

Question 4

Algae living in fresh water have what type of cell wall?

Answer 4

cytoplasm (hypertonic to the water in which they are suspended)

Question 5

Terrestrial plants have what type of cell wall?

Answer 5

• are like algae
• rain hypertonic to the cytoplasm of the cells

Question 6

Chloroplasts

Answer 6

organelles that carry out photosynthesis

Question 7

Lignin

Answer 7

• chemical that hardens cell walls
• strengthening cell walls

Question 8

Mycorrhizae

Answer 8

• a combination of specific fungi with plant roots
• key adaptation factor in the plant colonization of dry land

Question 9

The Mutualism Between Fungi & Plants

Answer 9

• fungi (provide vastly increased surface area - for the absorption of water & essential mineral nutrients from the soil)
• plant (provides sugars produced through photosynthesis)

Question 10

What do aerial shoots with leaves provide?

Answer 10

maximize the exposure of vascular plants to the energy available in sunlight

Question 11

Ovules

Answer 11

are housed within ovaries

Question 12

Fertilization in Flowering Plant s

Answer 12

• one sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg
• the other sperm nucleus fuses with two other nuclei found within the ovule
• forming triploid endosperm

Question 13

Pollen Grains

Answer 13

are male gametophytes

Question 14

In flowering plants the integuments of the ovule develop into a?

Answer 14

tough seed coat

Question 15

A carpel is composed of

Answer 15

• stigma
• style
• ovary

Question 16

A stamen consists of

Answer 16

• anther
• filament

Question 17

In angiosperms, pollination is the transfer of pollen grain to the (blank) of a flower on the same plant or another plant of the same species.

Answer 17

stigma

Question 18

Sporophytes

Answer 18

are diploid

Question 19

Gametophytes

Answer 19

are haploid

Question 20

When did plants evolve from green algae

Answer 20

approximately 475 million years ago

Question 21

Ferns

Answer 21

are seedless vascular plants

Question 22

Bryophytes

Answer 22

Ex. mosses
are the extant plants that are most similar to the first plants to bear gametangia

Question 23

Miscrospores (life cycle of pine tree)

Answer 23

which develop into male gametophytes within pollen grains

Question 24

Megaspore (life cycle of pine tree)

Answer 24

which develops into a female gametophyte or embryo sac within an ovule

Question 25

Engulfed photosynthetic bacteria gave rise to

Answer 25

plastids

Question 26

Engulfed Aerobic Bacteria gave rise to

Answer 26

mitochondria

Question 27

Endosymbiosis

Answer 27

most likely began with a heterotrophic endosymbiont entering the cell as undigested prey or as an internal parasite

Question 28

Transduction

Answer 28

• bacteriophages carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another
• producing a recombinant bacterial genome

Question 29

Sequence of Events of Evolution of Life on Earth

Answer 29

1) origin of cyanobacteria
2) origin of mitochondria
3) origin of chloroplasts
4) origin of multicellular eukaryotes
5) origin of fungal-plant symbioses

Question 30

What are unique characteristics to the seed-producing plants?

Answer 30

• seeds
• pollen