Mendel and Gene Idea Flashcards
Blending Hypothesis of Inheritance
- the idea that genetic material contributed by the two parents mixes
- predicts that over many generations a freely mating population will give rise to a uniform population of individuals
- fails to explain how traits can reappear after skipping a generation
Particulate Hypothesis of Inheritance
- the gene idea
- parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes) that retain their separate identities in offspring
- genes can be shuffled and passed along in undiluted form
What number of types of chromosomes are found in a somatic cell in an animal with a diploid number of 48?
48 chromosomes (24 from each parent)
The information contained in DNA is used to make?
- proteins
- mRNA
- tRNA
Character
an observable heritable feature that may vary among individuals
Trait
one of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character
True-Breeding
- referring to organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self-pollination
- parents are referred to as the P Generation
Hybridization
the mating or crossing of two true-breeding varieties
F1 Generation
- the first filial
- hybrid (heterozygous) offspring arising from a parental (P Generation) cross
F2 Generation
the offspring resulting from interbreeding (or self-pollination) of the hybrid F1 generation
Mendel Cross
F1 Generation Produced (3:1 ratio)
Alleles
any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects
Dominant Allele
an allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote
Recessive Allele
an allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote
Law of Segregation (Mendel’s First Law)
- stating that the two allele in a pair segregate (separate from each other) into different gametes during gamete formation
- an egg or a sperm get only one of the two alleles that are present in the somatic cells of the organisms
