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Medical Assitant > Terms WEEK TWO > Flashcards

Terms WEEK TWO Flashcards

infection control

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Hazard classification

A

categorizing chemicals according to hazards

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2
Q

Chemical labels

A

must include a word, picture, hazard statement, and precautionary statement for each hazard class and category

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3
Q

Safety Data Sheets

A

binder of chemicals located on premises to review in case of emergency, spills, or accidents

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4
Q

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

A

provide safeguards to protect workers against health hazards related to bloodborne pathogens

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5
Q

Medical assistant knowledge on infection control

A
  • understands how infections happen, transmitted, and prevented
  • how age and nutritional status affect immunity and health
  • how to resist pathogens by vaccines, birth, and infection
  • practice infection control precautions
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6
Q

Cycle of Infection

A
  • reservoir host
  • means of exit
  • means of transmission
  • means of entrance
  • susceptible host
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7
Q

reservoir host

A

sick person

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8
Q

means of exit

A

pathogen leaves the body
(respiratory tract, feces, body secretions, blood)

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9
Q

means of transmission

A

airborne, blood borne, food borne, vector, indirect/contact

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10
Q

oral route

A

hepatitis A

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11
Q

skin

A

broken or unbroken, staphylococcus, MRSA

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12
Q

mucus membranes

A

herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus (hpv)

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13
Q

blood

A

hepatitis b, hepatitis c, HIV

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14
Q

portal of entrance

A

any cavity lined with mucous membrane
- mouth nose eyes genitals

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15
Q

susceptible host

A

an individual with decrease immunity

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16
Q

medical asepsis

A

clean; maintaining cleanliness and preventing the spread of microorganisms in the medical environment
(PPE)

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17
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

sterile; free from all organisms, including viruses and to keep organism from entering the body (autoclaving)

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18
Q

Hand asepsis with minimum of % alcohol

A

60

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19
Q

items contaminated with blood/bodily fluids such as gloves, gauze, and dressing

A

biohazard bag

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20
Q

OSHA Exposure Control Plan

A

-emergency procedures- outline what to do if exposure occurs
- log exposure incidents

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21
Q

DONNING

A

hands/sanitize, gown, mask, googles, gloves

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22
Q

DOFFING

A

gloves, gown, googles, mask, hand/sanitize

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23
Q

sharp containers

A
  • 3/4 full
  • keep it upright
  • dispose needles and sharp objects
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24
Q

droplet precaution

A

secretions from nose, throat, airways, lungs, digestive tract

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25
Q

airborne precaution

A

pathogens transmitted include tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox (isolate patient)

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26
Q

safety data sheets give info on

A

chemicals located on the premises for emergencies, spills, and accidents

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27
Q

example of a vector

A

mosquito

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28
Q

surgical asepsis removes

A

all organisms including viruses

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29
Q

HIV stands for & meaning

A

Human Immunodeficiency virus; virus that invades and inactivates helper t-cells

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30
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Liver infection caused by hepatitis B virus that is transmitted by blood, semen, or other body fluids

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31
Q

Items contaminated with blood/bodly fluids such as table covers and disposable gowns

A

biohazard waste box

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32
Q

OSHA is a federal agency within

A

department of labor

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33
Q

bleach solution as a disinfectant

A

1:10

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34
Q

location of the sharp container

A

in the exam room

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35
Q

OSHA guidelines for handling biohazardous waste

A

label chemicals with their names and data before disposal

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36
Q

Humans have __ chromosomes

A

46

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37
Q

Tissue that supports other tissues and organs

A

connective

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38
Q

Organ that is the body’s first line of defense against illness and injury

A

integumentary system

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39
Q

Mitochondria

A

Makes energy (ATP) for the cell (powerhouse)

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40
Q

Anatomy

A

study of body structure

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41
Q

Physiology

A

study of the function

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42
Q

cell membrane

A

outer layer; thin and permeable allows substances to pass through

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43
Q

Cytoplasm

A

liquid containing the cell’s structures

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44
Q

Nucleus

A

contains chromosomes(DNA)

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45
Q

DNA

A

caries genetic info

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46
Q

Gene

A

a portion of DNA that determines a body trait

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47
Q

Heredity

A

the transfer of genetic traits from parent to child

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48
Q

plasma membrane

A
  • made of protein and phospholipids and proteins surrounding the cell
  • separates the cell from surrounding environment
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49
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • gel-like fluid
  • contains cell structures; medium for chemical reactions
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50
Q

Nucleus

A
  • large spherical body with DNA
  • control center, regulate cell activity
  • house genetic material
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51
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A
  • double-layered, surrounds nucleus
  • protects the nucleus and allows certain materials in
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52
Q

Nucleolus

A
  • within the nucleus
  • forms RNA and ribosomes
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53
Q

ER

A

endoplasmic reticulum- transports materials through the cell

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54
Q

rough er

A

supports the synthesis and transports protein

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55
Q

smooth er

A

supports synthesis of some lipid molecules

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56
Q

golgi apparatus

A

forms lysosomes; package and ships

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57
Q

lysosomes

A

digest waste materials

58
Q

cytoskeleton

A

maintains the shape and structure of the cell; keeps organelles in place and moves them throughout the cell as needed

59
Q

centrioles

A

Participate in cell reproduction through the
distribution of DNA to new cells

60
Q

cilia

A

Aid in the movement of substances along the
surface of the cell

61
Q

Flagella

A

Aid in the movement of substances along the
surface of the cell

62
Q

Sagittal

A

left and right

63
Q

Transverse

A

top and bottom

64
Q

Frontal

A

anterior and posterior

65
Q

Cranial cavity

A

skull and brain

66
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

travels down the midline of the back; spinal cord

67
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

within the chest, lungs, heart, trachea, thymus, esophagus

68
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

stomach, liver, gallbladder, colon, spleen,and intestines

69
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Inferior to the abdominal cavity; houses the bladder and
reproductive organs

70
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce sebum to keep skin and hair soft and prevent
bacteria from growing on the skin

71
Q

Sudoriferous glands:

A

Produce sweat to aid in cooling the body

72
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

80 bones; including the skull,
vertebrae, and ribs.

73
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

126 bones; including arms, legs, and pelvic girdle.

74
Q

Ligament

A

bone to bone

75
Q

tendons

A

muscles to bone

76
Q

connective tissue

A

cartilage is a part of connective tissue; maintain, protects, and gives form to other tissues and organs.
- found in larynx and respiratory tract and covers the end of long bones(femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, ulna, radius)

77
Q

short bones

A

carpals, tarsals

78
Q

flat bones

A

skull rib

79
Q

irregular bones

A

vetebrae, pelvis

80
Q

sesamoid

A

patella (knee)

81
Q

skeletal muscle

A

straited voluntary

82
Q

smooth muscle

A

found in walls of hollow organs(liver, pancreas, intestine)
involuntary

83
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

found only in heart; voluntary, striated

84
Q

veins

A

vessels that carry blood toward the heart
(smaller branches are venules)

85
Q

Capillary

A

the smallest blood vessels, which connect arterioles to venules

86
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord

87
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

somatic: voluntary- skeletal
autonomic: breathing, digestion
sympathetic: fight or flight
parasympathetic: calm, housekeeping during rest

88
Q

SOMR

A

Source-Oriented Medical Record; creating and preparing medical records where info is grouped by type of record

89
Q

medical records are used for

A

claim of malpractice, defense against a claim, financial record

90
Q

First page of patient medical records

A

patient registration form

91
Q

content of patient medical records

A
  • registration form
  • patient medical/social history
  • lab results, diagnosis, and treatment plan
  • consent forms/ phone calls
92
Q

content in somr

A
  • progress notes
  • laboratory
  • radiology
  • correspondence
93
Q

S.O.A.P

A

Subjective data: info from patient

Objective Data: measurements, vital signs, test results, observation during examination

Assessment: the impression of the patient’s problem that leads to diagnosis

Plan: treatment plan, follow up

94
Q

C.H.E.D.D.A.R

A

soap format
C-chief complaint, presenting problems, subjective statements
H- history: social/physical history
E- Examination: including extent of body systems examined
D- Details: documented
D- Drugs and dosage
A- assessment of diagnostic process and diagnosis
R- return visit info and referral

95
Q

Six C’s are used when

A

updating medical forms
documenting test results
examination preparation and vital signs

96
Q

Six C’s of Charting

A

Client’s Words- chief complaint
Clarity- precise descriptions
Completeness- filling out forms, complete info
Conciseness- be brief and clear
Chronological Order- date and order
Confidentiality- all records

97
Q

Records are property of

A

practice

98
Q

Records contain confidential PHI belongs to

A

patient

99
Q

Mature Minor

A

STI, birth control, drug or alcohol counseling; results cannot be discussed with parents with permission

100
Q

Audit

A

to examine and review a group of patient records for completeness and accuracy

101
Q

Audits are done on medical records to

A
  • back up charges sent to health insurance carriers
  • verify the medical documentation meets required minimum standards
102
Q

Internal Audits

A
  • review to back up charge
  • look for “failure to document”
  • meet the required standards
103
Q

External Audits

A
  • performed by government entities, managed care organizations, and private insurance carriers
  • to see if medical record documentation backs up billing
104
Q

age to recommend colorectal cancer screening

A

40 years

105
Q

age to recommend cervical cancer screening

A

21 years

106
Q

Subjective

A

symptoms, family history, chief complaint

107
Q

Objective

A

blood pressure, temperature, pulse

108
Q

Assessment

A

summary of visit, diagnosis, provider’s impression

109
Q

Plan

A

tests ordered, follow up timeframe, prescribe medication

110
Q

most accurate tempature

A

rectal

111
Q

obtaining a tympanic temperature on a child

A

pull ear down and back

112
Q

wait time for abnormal pulse

A

1 minute

113
Q

most common pulse point

A

radial

114
Q

What do you actually measure when you take blood pressure

A

force with which blood is pumped against the arterial walls

115
Q

Febrile

A

fever greater than 100.5 F

116
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

extremely high temperature

117
Q

Afebrile

A

normal temperature

118
Q

Pyrexia

A

fever

119
Q

palpation

A

act of touching

120
Q

Auscultation

A

listening with a stethoscope

121
Q

Rales

A

Clicking or crackling sounds
fluid in the lungs
possibly pneumonia

122
Q

Rhonchi

A

Rattling sounds
partial obstruction of airway

123
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Blood pressure cuff

124
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

The first sound heard during a blood pressure reading

125
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

The last sound heard during a blood pressure reading

126
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

The five phases of sound that are heard during a blood pressure reading

127
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficult or painful breathing

128
Q

Tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

129
Q

Bradypnea

A

slow breathing

130
Q

Apnea

A

period of breathing cessation

131
Q

Normal adult oral temperature

A
  • 98.6 F , 37.0 C
132
Q

Oral

A
  • electronic or digital; normal 98.6
  • wait 15 minutes after eating, drinking, or smoking
133
Q

Aurally/ Tympanic

A
  • ear, normal 98.6
  • adult: pull ear up and back
  • child: pull ear down and back
134
Q

Temporally

A
  • temporal scanner- forehead; 98.6
  • stroke scanner across forehead, crossing the temporal artery
  • Infrared thermometers: direct laser in the middle of forehead
135
Q

Axillary

A
  • under arm, least accurate; electronic or digital
    normal 97.6
  • one degree lower
  • place in the middle of axilla
136
Q

Rectally

A
  • most accurate - electronically or digital
    normal 99.6
  • 1 degree higher
  • slowly and gently insert
  • use lubrication and hold it in place
137
Q

Pulse

A
  • normal is 60-100bpm
  • greater than 100 : tachycardia
  • less than 60: bradycardia
138
Q

reasons for elevated pulse rate

A

fever, pain, dehydration, anxiety, infection, poor physical condition

139
Q

apical pulse

A

using a stethoscope to find pulse
the apex is located in the fifth intercostal space between the ribs on the left side of the sternum of the chest

140
Q

respiratory rate

A

how well the body provides oxygen to tissues

141
Q

essential hypertension

A

no identifiable cause

142
Q

secondary hypertension

A

due to some condition

Medical Assitant (5 decks)

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