Terms WEEK TWO Flashcards
infection control
Hazard classification
categorizing chemicals according to hazards
Chemical labels
must include a word, picture, hazard statement, and precautionary statement for each hazard class and category
Safety Data Sheets
binder of chemicals located on premises to review in case of emergency, spills, or accidents
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
provide safeguards to protect workers against health hazards related to bloodborne pathogens
Medical assistant knowledge on infection control
- understands how infections happen, transmitted, and prevented
- how age and nutritional status affect immunity and health
- how to resist pathogens by vaccines, birth, and infection
- practice infection control precautions
Cycle of Infection
- reservoir host
- means of exit
- means of transmission
- means of entrance
- susceptible host
reservoir host
sick person
means of exit
pathogen leaves the body
(respiratory tract, feces, body secretions, blood)
means of transmission
airborne, blood borne, food borne, vector, indirect/contact
oral route
hepatitis A
skin
broken or unbroken, staphylococcus, MRSA
mucus membranes
herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus (hpv)
blood
hepatitis b, hepatitis c, HIV
portal of entrance
any cavity lined with mucous membrane
- mouth nose eyes genitals
susceptible host
an individual with decrease immunity
medical asepsis
clean; maintaining cleanliness and preventing the spread of microorganisms in the medical environment
(PPE)
Surgical asepsis
sterile; free from all organisms, including viruses and to keep organism from entering the body (autoclaving)
Hand asepsis with minimum of % alcohol
60
items contaminated with blood/bodily fluids such as gloves, gauze, and dressing
biohazard bag
OSHA Exposure Control Plan
-emergency procedures- outline what to do if exposure occurs
- log exposure incidents
DONNING
hands/sanitize, gown, mask, googles, gloves
DOFFING
gloves, gown, googles, mask, hand/sanitize
sharp containers
- 3/4 full
- keep it upright
- dispose needles and sharp objects
droplet precaution
secretions from nose, throat, airways, lungs, digestive tract
airborne precaution
pathogens transmitted include tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox (isolate patient)
safety data sheets give info on
chemicals located on the premises for emergencies, spills, and accidents
example of a vector
mosquito
surgical asepsis removes
all organisms including viruses
HIV stands for & meaning
Human Immunodeficiency virus; virus that invades and inactivates helper t-cells
Hepatitis B
Liver infection caused by hepatitis B virus that is transmitted by blood, semen, or other body fluids
Items contaminated with blood/bodly fluids such as table covers and disposable gowns
biohazard waste box
OSHA is a federal agency within
department of labor
bleach solution as a disinfectant
1:10
location of the sharp container
in the exam room
OSHA guidelines for handling biohazardous waste
label chemicals with their names and data before disposal
Humans have __ chromosomes
46
Tissue that supports other tissues and organs
connective
Organ that is the body’s first line of defense against illness and injury
integumentary system
Mitochondria
Makes energy (ATP) for the cell (powerhouse)
Anatomy
study of body structure
Physiology
study of the function
cell membrane
outer layer; thin and permeable allows substances to pass through
Cytoplasm
liquid containing the cell’s structures
Nucleus
contains chromosomes(DNA)
DNA
caries genetic info
Gene
a portion of DNA that determines a body trait
Heredity
the transfer of genetic traits from parent to child
plasma membrane
- made of protein and phospholipids and proteins surrounding the cell
- separates the cell from surrounding environment
Cytoplasm
- gel-like fluid
- contains cell structures; medium for chemical reactions
Nucleus
- large spherical body with DNA
- control center, regulate cell activity
- house genetic material
Nuclear Membrane
- double-layered, surrounds nucleus
- protects the nucleus and allows certain materials in
Nucleolus
- within the nucleus
- forms RNA and ribosomes
ER
endoplasmic reticulum- transports materials through the cell
rough er
supports the synthesis and transports protein
smooth er
supports synthesis of some lipid molecules
golgi apparatus
forms lysosomes; package and ships
lysosomes
digest waste materials
cytoskeleton
maintains the shape and structure of the cell; keeps organelles in place and moves them throughout the cell as needed
centrioles
Participate in cell reproduction through the
distribution of DNA to new cells
cilia
Aid in the movement of substances along the
surface of the cell
Flagella
Aid in the movement of substances along the
surface of the cell
Sagittal
left and right
Transverse
top and bottom
Frontal
anterior and posterior
Cranial cavity
skull and brain
Spinal Cavity
travels down the midline of the back; spinal cord
Thoracic Cavity
within the chest, lungs, heart, trachea, thymus, esophagus
Abdominal Cavity
stomach, liver, gallbladder, colon, spleen,and intestines
Pelvic Cavity
Inferior to the abdominal cavity; houses the bladder and
reproductive organs
Sebaceous glands
Produce sebum to keep skin and hair soft and prevent
bacteria from growing on the skin
Sudoriferous glands:
Produce sweat to aid in cooling the body
Axial Skeleton
80 bones; including the skull,
vertebrae, and ribs.
Appendicular skeleton
126 bones; including arms, legs, and pelvic girdle.
Ligament
bone to bone
tendons
muscles to bone
connective tissue
cartilage is a part of connective tissue; maintain, protects, and gives form to other tissues and organs.
- found in larynx and respiratory tract and covers the end of long bones(femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, ulna, radius)
short bones
carpals, tarsals
flat bones
skull rib
irregular bones
vetebrae, pelvis
sesamoid
patella (knee)
skeletal muscle
straited voluntary
smooth muscle
found in walls of hollow organs(liver, pancreas, intestine)
involuntary
Cardiac muscle
found only in heart; voluntary, striated
veins
vessels that carry blood toward the heart
(smaller branches are venules)
Capillary
the smallest blood vessels, which connect arterioles to venules
Central Nervous System
brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
somatic: voluntary- skeletal
autonomic: breathing, digestion
sympathetic: fight or flight
parasympathetic: calm, housekeeping during rest
SOMR
Source-Oriented Medical Record; creating and preparing medical records where info is grouped by type of record
medical records are used for
claim of malpractice, defense against a claim, financial record
First page of patient medical records
patient registration form
content of patient medical records
- registration form
- patient medical/social history
- lab results, diagnosis, and treatment plan
- consent forms/ phone calls
content in somr
- progress notes
- laboratory
- radiology
- correspondence
S.O.A.P
Subjective data: info from patient
Objective Data: measurements, vital signs, test results, observation during examination
Assessment: the impression of the patient’s problem that leads to diagnosis
Plan: treatment plan, follow up
C.H.E.D.D.A.R
soap format
C-chief complaint, presenting problems, subjective statements
H- history: social/physical history
E- Examination: including extent of body systems examined
D- Details: documented
D- Drugs and dosage
A- assessment of diagnostic process and diagnosis
R- return visit info and referral
Six C’s are used when
updating medical forms
documenting test results
examination preparation and vital signs
Six C’s of Charting
Client’s Words- chief complaint
Clarity- precise descriptions
Completeness- filling out forms, complete info
Conciseness- be brief and clear
Chronological Order- date and order
Confidentiality- all records
Records are property of
practice
Records contain confidential PHI belongs to
patient
Mature Minor
STI, birth control, drug or alcohol counseling; results cannot be discussed with parents with permission
Audit
to examine and review a group of patient records for completeness and accuracy
Audits are done on medical records to
- back up charges sent to health insurance carriers
- verify the medical documentation meets required minimum standards
Internal Audits
- review to back up charge
- look for “failure to document”
- meet the required standards
External Audits
- performed by government entities, managed care organizations, and private insurance carriers
- to see if medical record documentation backs up billing
age to recommend colorectal cancer screening
40 years
age to recommend cervical cancer screening
21 years
Subjective
symptoms, family history, chief complaint
Objective
blood pressure, temperature, pulse
Assessment
summary of visit, diagnosis, provider’s impression
Plan
tests ordered, follow up timeframe, prescribe medication
most accurate tempature
rectal
obtaining a tympanic temperature on a child
pull ear down and back
wait time for abnormal pulse
1 minute
most common pulse point
radial
What do you actually measure when you take blood pressure
force with which blood is pumped against the arterial walls
Febrile
fever greater than 100.5 F
Hyperpyrexia
extremely high temperature
Afebrile
normal temperature
Pyrexia
fever
palpation
act of touching
Auscultation
listening with a stethoscope
Rales
Clicking or crackling sounds
fluid in the lungs
possibly pneumonia
Rhonchi
Rattling sounds
partial obstruction of airway
Sphygmomanometer
Blood pressure cuff
Systolic Pressure
The first sound heard during a blood pressure reading
Diastolic Pressure
The last sound heard during a blood pressure reading
Korotkoff sounds
The five phases of sound that are heard during a blood pressure reading
Dyspnea
difficult or painful breathing
Tachypnea
rapid breathing
Bradypnea
slow breathing
Apnea
period of breathing cessation
Normal adult oral temperature
- 98.6 F , 37.0 C
Oral
- electronic or digital; normal 98.6
- wait 15 minutes after eating, drinking, or smoking
Aurally/ Tympanic
- ear, normal 98.6
- adult: pull ear up and back
- child: pull ear down and back
Temporally
- temporal scanner- forehead; 98.6
- stroke scanner across forehead, crossing the temporal artery
- Infrared thermometers: direct laser in the middle of forehead
Axillary
- under arm, least accurate; electronic or digital
normal 97.6 - one degree lower
- place in the middle of axilla
Rectally
- most accurate - electronically or digital
normal 99.6 - 1 degree higher
- slowly and gently insert
- use lubrication and hold it in place
Pulse
- normal is 60-100bpm
- greater than 100 : tachycardia
- less than 60: bradycardia
reasons for elevated pulse rate
fever, pain, dehydration, anxiety, infection, poor physical condition
apical pulse
using a stethoscope to find pulse
the apex is located in the fifth intercostal space between the ribs on the left side of the sternum of the chest
respiratory rate
how well the body provides oxygen to tissues
essential hypertension
no identifiable cause
secondary hypertension
due to some condition
