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Medical Assitant > Terms WEEK THREE > Flashcards

Terms WEEK THREE Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

For adults, record weight to the nearest

A

quarter of a pound

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2
Q

For adults, record height to the nearest

A

Quarter of an inch

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3
Q

Measurements for infants and children

A

kilograms (kg)

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4
Q

convert pounds to kilograms

A

divide by 2.2

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5
Q

measuring infant height and length

A

mark the top of the head and the heel of the flexed foot

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6
Q

head circumference for infants

A

measure the widest area of the head
(typically around eyebrows)

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7
Q

chest circumference for infants

A

underneath arm, above the nipple area

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8
Q

Body Mass Index

A

18.5 - 24.9: normal
over 24.9: overweight
over 30: obese
over 40: morbidly obese

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9
Q

pulse oximetry

A
  • measures oxygen saturation n blood and displays pulse reading
  • not considered a vital sign
  • attached to finger or earlobe for reading
  • normal reading: 95% or higher
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10
Q

Locations for palpating a pulse (artery)

A

temporal
femoral
popliteal
posterior tibial
dorsalis pedis

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11
Q

body regulation

A
  • too hot: blood vessels dilate (sweat); more blood sent to the surface
  • too cold: blood vessels constrict (shiver)
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12
Q

hard protein in hair and nails

A

keratin

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13
Q

Melanocyte

A

skin cell; produces the pigment melanin

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14
Q

rubor or erythema

A

flushing of the skin when blushing due to dilated blood vessels

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15
Q

pallor or pale

A

anxiety and cold can cause blood vessels to constrict

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16
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish tint to the skin when it is not getting enough blood

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17
Q

subcutaneous layer

A
  • connective tissue
  • composed of adipose tissue(fatty layer) and larger blood vessels
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18
Q

sweat glands are also known as

A

sudoriferous glands

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19
Q

eccrine glands

A

distributed throughout the body, produce fluid to regulate body temperature

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20
Q

Apocrine glands

A

present in the axilla and pubic area, responsible for odor as bacteria break down organic substances.

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21
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

secretes an oil substance called sebum, adds a protective layer and prevent fluid loss.

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22
Q

Neoplasm

A

“new growth”
doesn’t specify cancerous or benign

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23
Q

acne vulgaris

A

black heads, white heads, pustules

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24
Q

Cellulitis

A

bacterial infection

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25
Q

Dermatitis

A

inflammation with rash

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26
Q

Eczema

A

itchy, red, scaly rash

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27
Q

Herpes Simplex (cold sore)

A

blisters, mouth, lips, face

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28
Q

Impetigo

A

bacterial infection, itchy, oozing skin

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29
Q

Keloid

A

an overgrowth of scar tissue

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30
Q

Nodule

A

small growth under the skin

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31
Q

Petechiae

A

ruptured skin capillaries

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32
Q

Pediculosis

A

Lice infestation

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33
Q

Ringworm (tinea corporis)

A

fungus infection, circular lesions

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34
Q

Rosacea

A

dilation of facial blood vessels, redness

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35
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

sun exposure, new growth does not heal

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36
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

sun exposure, spreads to surrounding tissues (metastasize), common on face and head, less common than basal cell

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37
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

most aggressive; sun exposure, itchy, bleeding mole with changes

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38
Q

rules of nine

A

used to esimate the percentage of the body that is affected by the burn.

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39
Q

an adult has __ bones

A

206

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40
Q

Epiphysis

A

end part of a long bone

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41
Q

Diaphysis

A

the shaft central part of a bone

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42
Q

Medullary cavity

A

hollow part of bone that contains bone marrow

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43
Q

short bones

A

-typically small and round
- found in the wrists and ankles
- carpals, tarsals

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44
Q

flat bones

A
  • surface area is falt or curved
  • found in the skull and ribs
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45
Q

Irregular bones

A
  • shape related to function
  • vertebrae, pelvis
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46
Q

two bone types

A

cranial and facial

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47
Q

facial bones

A

mandible: lower jaw
maxilla: upper jaw
zygomatic: cheekbone

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48
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

neck

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49
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

chest

50
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

low back

51
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone

52
Q

sternum

A

breastplate

53
Q

ribs

A

attach to sternum

54
Q

clavicles

A

collar bones

55
Q

scapulae

A

shoulder blade

56
Q

___ individual muscles in the body

A

600

57
Q

skeletal muscle

A

movement, striated, voluntary

58
Q

smooth

A

the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and iris of the eyes; involuntary

59
Q

cardiac muscle

A

heart, involuntary

60
Q

Arthritis

A

(osteoarthritis)-“wear &
tear”
- degenerative joint disease
- joint stiffness and pain

61
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

autoimmune
- chronic systemic inflammatory disease
- visible joint deformity

62
Q

bursitis

A

joint pain and swelling

63
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

type of tumor that forms in bone or soft tissue. ages 10-20 yrs

64
Q

Gout

A

arthritis due to uric acids crystals in joints

65
Q

Osteogenesis

A

brittle bone disease, herediary

66
Q

Osteoporosis

A

disease of the elderly, causes fractures of the spine, loss of height

67
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

bone cancer that usually develops in the cells (osteoblasts) that form bone, most in young people

68
Q

Kyphosis

A

hunchback

69
Q

Lordosis

A

swayback

70
Q

Scoliosis

A

an abnormal s-shaped curvature of the spine

71
Q

tendonitis

A

sports related, pain in joints

72
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disorder (antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscles) double vision, muscle weakness, difficulty chewing and breathing

73
Q

Tetanus

A

muscle spasms in jaw and neck caused by the toxin (clostridium tetani) can cause death

74
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

The process of making blood cells in red bone marrow

75
Q

function of blood

A

carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and aids in eliminating the waste

76
Q

location of the heart

A

located in central part of chest, slightly left of the midline(sternum)

77
Q

heart chambers

A
  • two atria; upper chambers
  • two ventricles; lower chambers
78
Q

AV Valves

A
  • valves between atria and ventricles
  • tricuspid: between right atrium and right ventricle
  • bicuspid(mitral): between the left atrium and the left ventricle
79
Q

Semilunar valves

A

pulmonary and aortic

80
Q

Artery/arteroile

A
  • carry blood away from the heart(oxygenated)
  • aorta, leaves heart, sends blood oxygenated blood to the body
81
Q

Vein/venule

A
  • carry blood to the heart from the body (deoxygenated)
82
Q

Superior vena cava

A

brings blood from the head and arms to the heart

83
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

brings blood from the abdomen and legs into the heart

84
Q

Gas Exchange

A
  • pulmonary arteries to lungs
  • pulmonary veins from lungs
85
Q

Capillaries

A
  • smallest blood vessels
    connects arteries to veins
  • aid in exchange of oxygen and nutrients between blood and cells
86
Q

Heart Rate

A

number of times your heart beats per minute

87
Q

Heart Rhythm

A

synchronized pumping action of the four heart chambers

88
Q

Maintenance of the heart’s electrical system

A
  • a steady heart rate of 60-100 per minute at rest.
  • rate increases during physical activity and lowers during sleep
89
Q

what is called the pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node: sinoatrial node

90
Q

heartbeat process

A
  • the SA node send out an electrical impulse
  • the upper heart chambers (atria) contract
  • the av node sends an impulse to the ventricles, through the Bundle of His, to the bundle branches, through the Purkinje fibers.
  • the lower heart chambers (ventricles) contract or pump.
  • the SA node sends another signal to the atria to contract, which starts the cycle over again
91
Q

Sinoatrial node

A
  • right atrium
  • natural pacemaker
  • sends impulse to AV node
92
Q

Atrioventricular node

A
  • between atria and just above ventricles
  • sends impulse to the bundle of His
93
Q

Bundle of His

A
  • between ventricles
  • right and left bundle branches
  • sends impulse to Purkinje fibers
94
Q

Purkinje fibers

A
  • lateral walls of ventricles
  • ventricles contract
95
Q

Systole

A

period during which the chamber is contracting and blood is being ejectedD

96
Q

Diastole

A

period of relaxation during which the chamber is filling

97
Q

Factors affecting blood pressure

A
  • cardiac output: how fast/strong beats; blood volume
  • vasoconstriction and vasodilation; blood viscosity(thickness)
98
Q

chest pain

A

angina

99
Q

cardiac causes

A
  • myocardial infarction(heart attack)
  • narrowing of coronary arteries
    -atherosclerosis(deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls
100
Q

cause of hypertension

A

narrowing of the arteries

101
Q

risk factors of hypertension

A
  • obesity
  • smoking
  • kidney disease
    -excessive alcohol intake
102
Q

cause of Coronary artery

A
  • buildup of fat and cholesterol in the arteries
103
Q

risk factors of coronary artery disease

A
  • high fat diet
  • smoking
  • obesity
  • sedentary lifestyle
104
Q

Aneurysm

A

a buldge or “ballooning” in the wall of an artery

105
Q

cause of aneurysm

A

atherosclerosis

106
Q

risk factors of aneurysm

A

obesity, smoking, high cholesterol diet

107
Q

congestive heart failure

A

heart doesn’t pump blood as efficient

108
Q

cause of CHF

A

hypertension, previous heart attack

109
Q

risk factors of CHF

A

high fat diet, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle

110
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

blood clot forms blocking veins in usually in the legs

111
Q

risk factors of thrombophlebitis

A
  • prolonged periods of inactivity
  • hormone replacement therapy
  • cancer
  • paralysis
112
Q

Mitral valve prolaspe

A

mitral valve does not close smoothly or evenly, causes backflow of blood

113
Q

cause of mitral valve prolaspe

A

unknown, hereditary

114
Q

symptoms of mitral valve prolaspe

A

none, SOB, palpitation

115
Q

deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through

A

superior and inferior vena cava

116
Q

narrowing the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle affects

A

mitral

117
Q

blood flows from the heart to the lungs by

A

pulmonary arteries

118
Q

the smallest blood vessels that contains oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

A

capillaries

119
Q

documentation regarding the bicuspid valve could be referred to

A

mitral valve

120
Q

what supplies blood to the heart muscle

A

coronary arteries

121
Q

chamber contracts and the blood is ejected

A

systole

Medical Assitant (5 decks)

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