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Gr. 10 Anthropology, Sociology, and Psychology > Terms - Sociology > Flashcards

Terms - Sociology Flashcards

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1
Q

Agents of socialization

A

People and institutions that shape an individual’s social development.

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2
Q

Anticipatory socialization

A

The process of learning how to plan the way to behave in new situations.

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3
Q

Bureaucracy

A

A large administration that pursues a wide variety of goals.

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4
Q

Empirical

A

Based on facts, statistics, and data.

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5
Q

Feral

A

Unwanted child deserted at a young age and raised by animals.

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6
Q

Functional differentiation

A

Divisions that are created to help deal with a complex environment; these divisions operate independently but are connected to one another.

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7
Q

Isolate

A

Child raised in near isolation within a human household.

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8
Q

Macrosociology

A

An approach of sociology that analyzes social systems on a large scale.

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9
Q

Microsociology

A

The study of small groups and individuals within a society.

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10
Q

Norm

A

Expectations about how people should behave.

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11
Q

Positivism

A

The application of the scientific method to obtain quantifiable data in order to understand society.

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12
Q

Primary group

A

A set of people with whom an individual has strong emotional and personal connections.

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13
Q

Primary socialization

A

The process of learning the basic skills needed to survive in society.

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14
Q

Rationalization

A

Social actions motivated by efficiency or benefit, not custom or emotion.

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15
Q

Resocialization

A

The process by which negative behaviour is transformed into socially acceptable behaviour.

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16
Q

Role

A

The expected behaviour of a person in a particular social position.

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17
Q

Secondary socialization

A

The process of learning how to behave appropriately in group situations.

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18
Q

Social influence

A

The effect of other people on a person’s thoughts and actions.

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19
Q

Socialization

A

The continuing process where an individual learns the appropriate behavioural patterns, skills, and values for his or her social world.

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20
Q

Survey

A

A set of questions used on a sample of the population study about opinions, values, or actions.

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21
Q

Values

A

Shared ideas and standards that are considered acceptable and binding.

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22
Q

Sociology

A

The study of human social life, groups, and societies.

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23
Q

Social identity

A

The way you define yourself to the world and to yourself.

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24
Q

Social role

A

Expectations attached to particular social positions.

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25
Q

Chaperone

A

An older or married woman who accompanies or supervises a young unmarried woman on social occasions.

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26
Q

Homophily

A

The tendency to associate with those who are similar to us

27
Q

Discrimination

A

The act of treating groups or individuals unfairly based on their race, gender, or other common characteristic; can be overt or systemic.

28
Q

Stereotype

A

An exaggerate view or judgement made about a group or class of people.

29
Q

Racism

A

Erroneous judgement, assumptions, opinions, or actions toward a person or group, based on the belief that one race is superior to another.

30
Q

Sexism

A

Attitudes or behaviours based on predetermined ideas of sexual roles that discriminate against others because of their sex.

31
Q

Classism

A

Systemic or personal actions that discriminate against persons according to their socio-economic level, which leads to human needs being unmet.

32
Q

Prejudice

A

An individual judgement about or activist hostility toward another social group.

33
Q

Upstander

A

A person who takes action, particularly when the easiest or most acceptable course is to do nothing, when he or she believes something is right.

34
Q

Islamophobia

A

Racism that leads to prejudice against and fear of Islamic beliefs and muslims.

35
Q

Scapegoat

A

A specific person or group of people who become the target of hatred or blame for the hardships of others.

36
Q

Solidarity

A

The ties that unite members of a group.

37
Q

Dyad

A

A group consisting of two members.

38
Q

Informal group

A

A less intimate gathering of people in which member interaction is not governed by explicit rules.

39
Q

Secondary group

A

A large, impersonal gathering of people in which members’ roles are measured by their contributions to a common goal or purpose.

40
Q

Virtual community

A

A group of individuals who communicate online.

41
Q

Sanction

A

Informal or formal penalty or reward to ensure conformity within a group.

42
Q

Panic

A

A highly emotional and irrational response on the part of an individual or a group to a dangerous or harmful social event.

43
Q

Riot

A

Civil disorder stemming from a social grievance, caused by a disorganized crowd exhibiting aggression, who may turn to acts of violence, vandalism, and destruction of property.

44
Q

Threshold

A

A level or point at which something would or would not happen; a tipping point.

45
Q

Altruism

A

The principle of unselfish regard for the needs and interests of others.

46
Q

Prosocial behaviour

A

A form of altruism in which individuals or groups demonstrate empathy toward and care for the welfare of others without benefit to themselves.

47
Q

Conventional crowd

A

A large group of people gathered for a clear purpose who behave according to expectations.

48
Q

Casual crowd

A

A group of people in the same place at the same time but who do not have a common goal.

49
Q

Expressive crowd

A

A large number of people at an event who display emotion and excitement.

50
Q

Acting crowd

A

A group of people fuelled by a single purpose or goal.

51
Q

Mob

A

A disorderly crowd of people

52
Q

Mass hysteria

A

The widespread irrational reaction to a perceived danger.

53
Q

Smart mob

A

A large group of strangers who use electronic media to organize and stage surprise public gatherings.

54
Q

Compliance

A

Social behaviour by an individual that may be contrary to his or her beliefs but is exhibited nonetheless in order to achieve rewards and avoid punishments.

55
Q

Groupthink

A

The effects of collective pressure on the decision-making abilities of individual members of a group.

56
Q

Obedience

A

The act or habit of doing what one is told or submitting to authority.

57
Q

Chameleon effect

A

The mimicking of the body language of a person with whom we are interacting.

58
Q

Serotonin

A

A chemical messenger in the brain that is associated with feelings of well-being.

59
Q

Nuclear family

A

A family that consists of spouses and their dependent children.

60
Q

Extended family

A

A family system in which several generations live together in one household.

61
Q

Lone-parent family

A

A family that consists of one parent living with one or more dependent children.

62
Q

Blended family

A

A family in which divorced partners with children from a previous union remarry

63
Q

Same-sex family

A

A family that consists of two individuals of the same gender, with or without children.

Gr. 10 Anthropology, Sociology, and Psychology (3 decks)

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