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Gr. 10 Anthropology, Sociology, and Psychology > Terms - Anthropology > Flashcards

Terms - Anthropology Flashcards

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1
Q

Hominin

A

A human or human ancestor

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2
Q

Fossil

A

Preserved remains of biological matter

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3
Q

Australopithecus afarensis

A

“Lucy”, “Selam”, a member of the human family (3.2mil ya)

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4
Q

Radiometric dating

A

A process that is used to determine the age of an object, based on measuring the amount of radioactive material it is

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5
Q

Bipedalism

A

The trait of habitually walking on two legs

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6
Q

Choppers

A

Large cobbles (oldest stone tools) (2.5mil ya)

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7
Q

Culture

A

The total system of ideas, values, behaviours, and attitudes of a society

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8
Q

Informant

A

A reliable and knowledgeable person who provides specific information to an anthropologist studying his or her community

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9
Q

Ethnocentric

A

Believing that one’s culture is superior to all others

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10
Q

Culturally constructed

A

Created or shaped by a culture

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11
Q

Subculture

A

A small group within a larger group who shares a common system of values, beliefs, attitudes, behaviours, and lifestyle distinct from those of the larger group

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12
Q

Ethnology

A

The study of the origins and cultures of different races and peoples

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13
Q

Kinship

A

The relationship between two or more people that is based in common ancestry, marriage, or adoption

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14
Q

Participant observation

A

The careful watching of a group, in some cases living with its members and participating in their culture

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15
Q

Ethnography

A

The written account of a culture

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16
Q

Subjective

A

Type of conclusions shaped by a person’s cultural and personal perspective, feelings, and beliefs

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17
Q

Objective

A

Type of conclusions based on facts and data and uninfluenced by personal perspectives, prejudices, or emotions

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18
Q

Reflexivity

A

The practice of reflecting on your own world view, biases, and impact on the culture you are studying

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19
Q

Ritual

A

Prescribed behaviour in which there is no connection between the action and the desired outcome

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20
Q

Rite of passage

A

A ceremony ritual, or event that marks an individual’s passage from one stage of life to another

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21
Q

Liminal stage

A

The second stage in a rite of passage, when the initiate is in a state of transition between the old and the new

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22
Q

Identity moratorium

A

A status in which the adolescent is in crisis and unable to accomplish tasks necessary to becoming an adult, and explores other youth subcultures

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23
Q

Sex

A

Physical characteristics (male/female), biology—chromosomes (xx/xy)

24
Q

Gender

A

What you identify as (fluid)

25
Q

Gender roles

A

Societal expectations

26
Q

Technological diffusion

A

The adoption by one culture of a technology invented by another culture

27
Q

Perception

A

The process of how an individual takes in information visually and with the other senses

28
Q

Euphemism

A

A word or set of words used to indirectly describe an uncomfortable or inappropriate concept or idea in a socially acceptable way

29
Q

Reciprocity

A

An economic system of formal and informal sharing among members of a society to distribute resources fairly

30
Q

Horticultural

A

A form of semi-nomadic agriculture

31
Q

Redistribution

A

An economic system of collecting resources centrally and handing them out among members of a society

32
Q

Potlatch

A

A sacred ceremony of First Nations peoples on the northwest coast of North America in which property is given away to enhance status

33
Q

Wage labour

A

Work for which wages are paid

34
Q

Globalization

A

The process by which economies, societies, and cultures become integrated through a worldwide network

35
Q

Matrilineal

A

A kinship system in which people trace their ancestry through their mothers

36
Q

Patrilineal

A

A kinship system in which people trace their ancestry through their fathers

37
Q

Bilineal

A

A kinship system in which people trace their ancestry through both their mothers and fathers

38
Q

Lineage

A

All the male relatives in a family that can be traced back to one common direct ancestor

39
Q

Clan

A

A group of several lineages in a patrilineal or matrilineal society in which people are related but cannot always trace exact relationships

40
Q

Monogamy

A

A relationship where an individual has one partner. Serial monogamy refers to monogamous relationships that occur one after another

41
Q

Polygamy

A

A form of marriage that involves multiple partners

42
Q

Polygyny

A

A form of marriage between one husband and multiple wives

43
Q

Polyandry

A

A form of marriage with one wife and multiple husbands

44
Q

Bridewealth

A

A cultural system where the groom (or his family) must pay a father in order to marry his daughter

45
Q

Meta-analysis

A

A study combining the results of many other studies

46
Q

Self-enhancement

A

The belief that you are more competent and generally better than your actions and behaviour indicate

47
Q

Anthropology

A

The scientific study of the origin, the behaviour, and the physical, social, and cultural development of humans

48
Q

Ethnology

A

The study of the origins and cultures of different races and peoples

49
Q

Linguistic Anthropology

A

The study of human languages and how language affects and expresses culture (3 fields - historical linguistics, structural linguistics, and sociolinguistics)

50
Q

Archaeology

A

The cultural anthropology of the past

51
Q

Physical Anthropology

A

The study of the origins of the human species, how we evolved to our present form, and what makes humans unique

52
Q

Paleoanthropology

A

The study of human ancestors based on evidence from the distant evolutionary past

53
Q

Primatology

A

The study of the anatomy and behaviours of living primates (primatologists aren’t always anthropologists)

54
Q

Human variation

A

The genetic differences between people and populations

55
Q

Hominids

A

All modern and extinct great apes. (Gorillas, chimps, orangutans and humans, and their immediate ancestors)

56
Q

Addiction

A

A condition where a person must use a substance to avoid psychological and physical withdrawal symptoms.

Gr. 10 Anthropology, Sociology, and Psychology (3 decks)

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