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pgy > terms & fxns > Flashcards

terms & fxns Flashcards

1
Q

Excretion

A

lost from body

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2
Q

Filtered

A

moved from one compartment to another by selective diffusion (permeability)

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3
Q

Secreted

A

transported out of blood into nephron

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4
Q

Reabsorbed

A

transported out of nephron

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5
Q

Amount filtered + Amount secreted =

A

Amount reabsorbed + Amount excreted

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6
Q

Amount excreted=

A

Amount filtered + Amount secreted – Amount reabsorbed

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7
Q

Glomerular filtration then…

A

Tubular secretion then tubular reabsorption

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8
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Delivers blood into the glomeruli

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9
Q

Glomeruli: (glomerular capillaries)

A

Capillary network that produces filtrate that enters urinary tubules

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10
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

Delivers blood from glomeruli to peritubular
capillaries

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11
Q

Peritubular capillaries (vasa recta)

A

Important for secretion and absorption

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12
Q

Renal portal system

A

Afferent arteriole – glomerular capillary –
efferent arteriole – peritubular capillary

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13
Q

Fluid that enters glomerular capsule is called

A

ultrafiltrate

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14
Q

Glomerular filtration

A

Mechanism of producing ultrafiltrate under
hydrostatic pressure of the blood

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15
Q

GFR

A

Volume of filtrate produced by both kidneys each minute. Average: 115-125 ml/min

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16
Q

PCT

A

Reabsorption, about 2/3 of filtrate reabsorbed here.

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17
Q

Minimum of______ necessary to
excrete metabolic wastes (obligatory water
loss)

A

500 ml/day urine

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18
Q

PCT Total solute

A

300 mOsm/L

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19
Q

Cortical nephron

A

solute reabsorption

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20
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron

A

Important in the ability to produce a concentrated urine

21
Q

Descending LoH

A

H20 reabsorption

22
Q

Ascending LoH

A

Active transport of Na+, Impermeable to H20.

23
Q

Loop of Henle can generate an ____ ___ of
the medullary interstitial tissue fluid
& can be 4 times that of plasma
(hyperosmotic)

A

osmotic pressure

24
Q

Descending limb is _ to water

A

permeable

25
Q

The descending limb is _ to
NaCl

A

impermeable

26
Q

The ascending limb _s NaCl

A

reabsorb

27
Q

DCT

A

Creates a hypotonic filtrate, therefore permitting hypotonic urine excretion (water loss)

28
Q

Macula densa

A

Inhibits renin secretion when [Na+] in blood increases

29
Q

During acidosis, __ is secreted at the expense of K+

A

H+

30
Q

90% filtered K+ is reabsorbed __

A

in early part of the nephron (PCT)

31
Q

ADH stimulates insertion of ___ into the
luminal membrane

A

pre-existing aquaporin channels

32
Q

Substance filtered but also secreted and
excreted:

A

Renal plasma clearance will be greater than
GFR ( > 125 ml/ min)

33
Q

Urea is filtered into glomerular
capsule and __ __ __

A

reabsorbed into blood

34
Q

Most of the H+ secretion occurs __ __ ___ __ _ in exchange for Na+

A

across the walls of the DCT

35
Q

What diuretic type inhibits NaCl transport out of the ascending limb of the LH

A

LOOP

36
Q

What diuretic type inhibits NaCl reabsorption in the 1st segment of the DCT

A

THIAZIDE

37
Q

What diuretic type increases osmotic pressure of filtrate (mannitol)

A

OSMOTIC

38
Q

What diuretic type inhibits reabsorption of HCO3-in PT

A

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE

39
Q

What diuretic type inhibits actions of aldosterone or Na+reabsorption/K+
secretion in the DT/CD

A

POTASSIUM SPARING

40
Q

Water and electrolyte imbalance- change body fluid volume, osmolarity, electrolyte imbalance including _

A

hyperkalemia (high EC K+)

41
Q

Uremic toxicity

A

Azotemia increase plasma
creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels

42
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

pH < 7.4

43
Q

Pre-Acute Renal Failure

A

decreased renal blood flow and GFR

44
Q

Intra-ARF tubular necrosis

A

ischemic, toxin

45
Q

Post-renal ARF

A

urinary tract obstruction

46
Q

what cell type forms filtration slits in the glomerulus

A

podocytes

47
Q

Dec GFR is caused by __ of the efferent arteriole

A

Vasodilation

48
Q

what substance is not filtered by nephrons

A

Red blood cells

pgy (4 decks)

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