terms & fxns

Question 1

Excretion

Answer 1

lost from body

Question 2

Filtered

Answer 2

moved from one compartment to another by selective diffusion (permeability)

Question 3

Secreted

Answer 3

transported out of blood into nephron

Question 4

Reabsorbed

Answer 4

transported out of nephron

Question 5

Amount filtered + Amount secreted =

Answer 5

Amount reabsorbed + Amount excreted

Question 6

Amount excreted=

Answer 6

Amount filtered + Amount secreted – Amount reabsorbed

Question 7

Glomerular filtration then…

Answer 7

Tubular secretion then tubular reabsorption

Question 8

Afferent arteriole

Answer 8

Delivers blood into the glomeruli

Question 9

Glomeruli: (glomerular capillaries)

Answer 9

Capillary network that produces filtrate that enters urinary tubules

Question 10

Efferent arteriole

Answer 10

Delivers blood from glomeruli to peritubular
capillaries

Question 11

Peritubular capillaries (vasa recta)

Answer 11

Important for secretion and absorption

Question 12

Renal portal system

Answer 12

Afferent arteriole – glomerular capillary –
efferent arteriole – peritubular capillary

Question 13

Fluid that enters glomerular capsule is called

Answer 13

ultrafiltrate

Question 14

Glomerular filtration

Answer 14

Mechanism of producing ultrafiltrate under
hydrostatic pressure of the blood

Question 15

GFR

Answer 15

Volume of filtrate produced by both kidneys each minute. Average: 115-125 ml/min

Question 16

PCT

Answer 16

Reabsorption, about 2/3 of filtrate reabsorbed here.

Question 17

Minimum of______ necessary to
excrete metabolic wastes (obligatory water
loss)

Answer 17

500 ml/day urine

Question 18

PCT Total solute

Answer 18

300 mOsm/L

Question 19

Cortical nephron

Answer 19

solute reabsorption

Question 20

Juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 20

Important in the ability to produce a concentrated urine

Question 21

Descending LoH

Answer 21

H20 reabsorption

Question 22

Ascending LoH

Answer 22

Active transport of Na+, Impermeable to H20.

Question 23

Loop of Henle can generate an ____ ___ of
the medullary interstitial tissue fluid
& can be 4 times that of plasma
(hyperosmotic)

Answer 23

osmotic pressure

Question 24

Descending limb is _ to water

Answer 24

permeable

Question 25

The descending limb is _ to NaCl

Answer 25

impermeable

Question 26

The ascending limb _s NaCl

Answer 26

reabsorb

Question 27

DCT

Answer 27

Creates a hypotonic filtrate, therefore permitting hypotonic urine excretion (water loss)

Question 28

Macula densa

Answer 28

Inhibits renin secretion when [Na+] in blood increases

Question 29

During acidosis, __ is secreted at the expense of K+

Answer 29

H+

Question 30

90% filtered K+ is reabsorbed __

Answer 30

in early part of the nephron (PCT)

Question 31

ADH stimulates insertion of ___ into the luminal membrane

Answer 31

pre-existing aquaporin channels

Question 32

Substance filtered but also secreted and excreted:

Answer 32

Renal plasma clearance will be greater than GFR ( > 125 ml/ min)

Question 33

Urea is filtered into glomerular capsule and __ __ __

Answer 33

reabsorbed into blood

Question 34

Most of the H+ secretion occurs __ __ ___ __ _ in exchange for Na+

Answer 34

across the walls of the DCT

Question 35

What diuretic type inhibits NaCl transport out of the ascending limb of the LH

Answer 35

LOOP

Question 36

What diuretic type inhibits NaCl reabsorption in the 1st segment of the DCT

Answer 36

THIAZIDE

Question 37

What diuretic type increases osmotic pressure of filtrate (mannitol)

Answer 37

OSMOTIC

Question 38

What diuretic type inhibits reabsorption of HCO3-in PT

Answer 38

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE

Question 39

What diuretic type inhibits actions of aldosterone or Na+reabsorption/K+ secretion in the DT/CD

Answer 39

POTASSIUM SPARING

Question 40

Water and electrolyte imbalance- change body fluid volume, osmolarity, electrolyte imbalance including _

Answer 40

hyperkalemia (high EC K+)

Question 41

Uremic toxicity

Answer 41

Azotemia increase plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels

Question 42

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 42

pH < 7.4

Question 43

Pre-Acute Renal Failure

Answer 43

decreased renal blood flow and GFR

Question 44

Intra-ARF tubular necrosis

Answer 44

ischemic, toxin

Question 45

Post-renal ARF

Answer 45

urinary tract obstruction

Question 46

what cell type forms filtration slits in the glomerulus

Answer 46

podocytes

Question 47

Dec GFR is caused by __ of the efferent arteriole

Answer 47

Vasodilation

Question 48

what substance is not filtered by nephrons

Answer 48

Red blood cells