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Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

Renal system

A

water balance (electrolyte osmolarity)

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2
Q

Endogenous waste product

A

urea

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3
Q

exogenous waste product

A

Drug metabolites

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4
Q

Renal system fxn (unexpected) think diuretics

A

Regulate BP and RBC synthesis

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5
Q

Non-functioning kidneys need

A

Dialysis every 2-3 days

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6
Q

Dialysis is

A

process of removing excess water solutes and toxins from blood

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7
Q

TBW=

A

Intracellular + Extracellular water

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8
Q

60-40-20 rule

A

TBW= 60, ICWater is 40, ECwater is 20

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9
Q

Ureter & bladder made of

A

smooth muscle

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10
Q

Kidney outer cortex

A

Many capillaries

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11
Q

Kidney medulla

A

Pyramid of minor calyces that form major calyx

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12
Q

Nephrons

A

composed of epithelial tissue

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13
Q

20-25% of cardiac output

A

flow to kidneys!

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14
Q

Renal vasculature allows for

A

constant processing ECFluid, enough O2 to fxn

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15
Q

Urethra

A

innervated by autonomic nerves (SYMPATHETIC)

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16
Q

Internal urethral sphincter

A

smooth mm

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17
Q

External urethral sphincter

A

Skeletal mm, VOLUNTARY

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18
Q

bladder, ureters, urethra

A

smooth mm

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19
Q

Micturition reflex

A

stretch receptors send impulses to it, causes rhythmic contraction and relaxes IUSphincter

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20
Q

Urination occurs when micturition center motor tracts

A

INHIBIT somatic neurons to relax the voluntary external urethral sphincter

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21
Q

Parasympathetic regulates

A

detrusor muscles

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22
Q

Nephrons are the

A

functional unit of the kidney

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23
Q

Secreted

A

transported out of blood into NEPHRON

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24
Q

Reabsorbed

A

transported out of NEPHRON

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25
Excretion
LOST from body
26
Glomerular filtration
plasma filtered from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's space
27
Tubular reabsorption
substance movement from lumen to peritubular capillary
28
Tubular secretion
substance movement from peritubular capillary to lumen
29
Afferent arteriole
Delivers blood into glomeruli
30
What increases linearly with exercise intensity?
HR
31
The volume of blood flow to this tissue is similar for rest and exercise
Kidney
32
High intensity exercise increases ___ to cause ___
Arterial [H+], hyperventilation
33
Kidney does not regulate
synthesis of plasma protein albumin
34
The kidneys receive __% of cardiac output
20-25
35
Glomerular capsule aka ___ capsule
Bowman's
36
When MAP drops to 70 mmHg
afferent arteriole dilates (lower resistance)
37
When MAP increases
afferent arterioles vasoconstrict
38
Proximal convaluted tubule solute total is
300 mOsm/L
39
Reabsorption is ___
constant (not subject to hormone regulation)
40
Highest BP renal vessel
renal artery
41
Lowest BP renal vessel
renal vein
42
In between BP renal vessel acronym
IAGEP (interlobar aa, afferent, glomerular, efferent, peritubular, interlobar vv)
43
Ultrafiltrate (urine) pathway
GC-nephron-RPelvis-ureter-bladder-urethra
44
Most H2O and Na is reabsorbed where?
PCT
45
What regulates H2O reabsorption from the collecting duct?
ADH effects
46
Mol. weight >10,000 daltons, appears in urine, it must be
Not filtered, but secreted
47
Glom. filtration rate increases by
Dilating afferent and constricting efferent arterioles
48
(Glom. caps) blood flow, oncotic pressure __. Blood flow (peri. caps.) oncotic pressure __.
Inc, dec
49
Descending limb of Loop of Henle is ___ to water.
permeable
50
Descending limb of Loop of Henle is ___ to NaCl.
impermeable
51
Ascending limb of Loop of Henle _____ NaCl.
reabsorbs
52
Ascending limb of Loop of Henle is __ to H2O.
impermeable
53
Renal fxn + h20/Na balance enzymes
RENIN
54
The ultrafiltrate is formed in this part of the nephron
Bowman's (glomerular) capsule
55
Almost all filtered glucose is reabsorbed in the
proximal convoluted tubule
56
If aldosterone is present, K+ is secreted
distal convoluted tubule
57
2/3 of filtered Na is reabsorbed at the
proximal convoluted tubule
58
If glucose for renal transport threshold is not exceeded then
almost all of it will be reabsorbed
59
clearance
ability to remove molecules from plasma and excrete them in urine
60
quantity of inulin excreted=
Rate of urine formation X inulin conc in urine
61
Inulin filtration rate by glomeruli=
GFR X Inulin conc in plasma
62
GFR=
(Rate of urine formation X Inulin conc in urine)/ (Inulin conc in plasma)
63
GFR is typically
125 mL/min
64
Renal plasma clearance ___ than GFR
greater (>125)
65
Renal blood flow
1.1-1.2 L/min
66
Urea clearance
less than GFR, about 75 mL/min
67
40-60% of filtered urea is
always reabsorbed
68
Urea diffuses out of __ __ and into ___ ___
MEDULLARY CD and ASCENDING LIMB (LH)
69
Filtered, secreted, and completely reabsorbed in the nephron..
NOTHING is excreted
70
Filtered, NOT secreted, and completely reabsorbed in the nephron...
0 mL/min clearance
71
If MAP drops below 70, what keeps GFR constant?
vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
72
Inulin clearance is similar to
the clearance of creatinine
73
Urea is partially reabsorbed and filtered, clearance?
50 mL/min
74
Plasma Na+ is high, then ___ release from granular cells decreases
Renin
75
Aldosterone stimulates __ reabsorption, __ secretion in the __ ct
Na+, K+, DISTAL
76
(juxtamedullary nephron) ultrafiltrate osmolarity increase in the __ LoopofHenle
descending
77
t/f PAH clearance (healthy) = RPlasmaFlow and can estimate renal blood flow
TRUE
78
Juxtamedullary nephrons are critical for
producing hypertonic urine
79
Having renal failure can also have _
high conc of plasma creatinine

pgy (4 decks)

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