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pgy > Renal System > Flashcards

Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

Renal system

A

water balance (electrolyte osmolarity)

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2
Q

Endogenous waste product

A

urea

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3
Q

exogenous waste product

A

Drug metabolites

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4
Q

Renal system fxn (unexpected) think diuretics

A

Regulate BP and RBC synthesis

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5
Q

Non-functioning kidneys need

A

Dialysis every 2-3 days

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6
Q

Dialysis is

A

process of removing excess water solutes and toxins from blood

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7
Q

TBW=

A

Intracellular + Extracellular water

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8
Q

60-40-20 rule

A

TBW= 60, ICWater is 40, ECwater is 20

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9
Q

Ureter & bladder made of

A

smooth muscle

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10
Q

Kidney outer cortex

A

Many capillaries

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11
Q

Kidney medulla

A

Pyramid of minor calyces that form major calyx

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12
Q

Nephrons

A

composed of epithelial tissue

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13
Q

20-25% of cardiac output

A

flow to kidneys!

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14
Q

Renal vasculature allows for

A

constant processing ECFluid, enough O2 to fxn

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15
Q

Urethra

A

innervated by autonomic nerves (SYMPATHETIC)

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16
Q

Internal urethral sphincter

A

smooth mm

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17
Q

External urethral sphincter

A

Skeletal mm, VOLUNTARY

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18
Q

bladder, ureters, urethra

A

smooth mm

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19
Q

Micturition reflex

A

stretch receptors send impulses to it, causes rhythmic contraction and relaxes IUSphincter

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20
Q

Urination occurs when micturition center motor tracts

A

INHIBIT somatic neurons to relax the voluntary external urethral sphincter

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21
Q

Parasympathetic regulates

A

detrusor muscles

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22
Q

Nephrons are the

A

functional unit of the kidney

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23
Q

Secreted

A

transported out of blood into NEPHRON

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24
Q

Reabsorbed

A

transported out of NEPHRON

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25
Q

Excretion

A

LOST from body

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26
Q

Glomerular filtration

A

plasma filtered from glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s space

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27
Q

Tubular reabsorption

A

substance movement from lumen to peritubular capillary

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28
Q

Tubular secretion

A

substance movement from peritubular capillary to lumen

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29
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Delivers blood into glomeruli

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30
Q

What increases linearly with exercise intensity?

A

HR

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31
Q

The volume of blood flow to this tissue is similar for rest and exercise

A

Kidney

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32
Q

High intensity exercise increases ___ to cause ___

A

Arterial [H+], hyperventilation

33
Q

Kidney does not regulate

A

synthesis of plasma protein albumin

34
Q

The kidneys receive __% of cardiac output

A

20-25

35
Q

Glomerular capsule aka ___ capsule

A

Bowman’s

36
Q

When MAP drops to 70 mmHg

A

afferent arteriole dilates (lower resistance)

37
Q

When MAP increases

A

afferent arterioles vasoconstrict

38
Q

Proximal convaluted tubule solute total is

A

300 mOsm/L

39
Q

Reabsorption is ___

A

constant (not subject to hormone regulation)

40
Q

Highest BP renal vessel

A

renal artery

41
Q

Lowest BP renal vessel

A

renal vein

42
Q

In between BP renal vessel acronym

A

IAGEP (interlobar aa, afferent, glomerular, efferent, peritubular, interlobar vv)

43
Q

Ultrafiltrate (urine) pathway

A

GC-nephron-RPelvis-ureter-bladder-urethra

44
Q

Most H2O and Na is reabsorbed where?

A

PCT

45
Q

What regulates H2O reabsorption from the collecting duct?

A

ADH effects

46
Q

Mol. weight >10,000 daltons, appears in urine, it must be

A

Not filtered, but secreted

47
Q

Glom. filtration rate increases by

A

Dilating afferent and constricting efferent arterioles

48
Q

(Glom. caps) blood flow, oncotic pressure __. Blood flow (peri. caps.) oncotic pressure __.

A

Inc, dec

49
Q

Descending limb of Loop of Henle is ___ to water.

A

permeable

50
Q

Descending limb of Loop of Henle is ___ to NaCl.

A

impermeable

51
Q

Ascending limb of Loop of Henle _____ NaCl.

A

reabsorbs

52
Q

Ascending limb of Loop of Henle is __ to H2O.

A

impermeable

53
Q

Renal fxn + h20/Na balance enzymes

A

RENIN

54
Q

The ultrafiltrate is formed in this part of the nephron

A

Bowman’s (glomerular) capsule

55
Q

Almost all filtered glucose is reabsorbed in the

A

proximal convoluted tubule

56
Q

If aldosterone is present, K+ is secreted

A

distal convoluted tubule

57
Q

2/3 of filtered Na is reabsorbed at the

A

proximal convoluted tubule

58
Q

If glucose for renal transport threshold is not exceeded then

A

almost all of it will be reabsorbed

59
Q

clearance

A

ability to remove molecules from plasma and excrete them in urine

60
Q

quantity of inulin excreted=

A

Rate of urine formation X inulin conc in urine

61
Q

Inulin filtration rate by glomeruli=

A

GFR X Inulin conc in plasma

62
Q

GFR=

A

(Rate of urine formation X Inulin conc in urine)/ (Inulin conc in plasma)

63
Q

GFR is typically

A

125 mL/min

64
Q

Renal plasma clearance ___ than GFR

A

greater (>125)

65
Q

Renal blood flow

A

1.1-1.2 L/min

66
Q

Urea clearance

A

less than GFR, about 75 mL/min

67
Q

40-60% of filtered urea is

A

always reabsorbed

68
Q

Urea diffuses out of __ __ and into ___ ___

A

MEDULLARY CD and ASCENDING LIMB (LH)

69
Q

Filtered, secreted, and completely reabsorbed in the nephron..

A

NOTHING is excreted

70
Q

Filtered, NOT secreted, and completely reabsorbed in the nephron…

A

0 mL/min clearance

71
Q

If MAP drops below 70, what keeps GFR constant?

A

vasodilation of the afferent arteriole

72
Q

Inulin clearance is similar to

A

the clearance of creatinine

73
Q

Urea is partially reabsorbed and filtered, clearance?

A

50 mL/min

74
Q

Plasma Na+ is high, then ___ release from granular cells decreases

A

Renin

75
Q

Aldosterone stimulates __ reabsorption, __ secretion in the __ ct

A

Na+, K+, DISTAL

76
Q

(juxtamedullary nephron) ultrafiltrate osmolarity increase in the __ LoopofHenle

A

descending

77
Q

t/f PAH clearance (healthy) = RPlasmaFlow and can estimate renal blood flow

A

TRUE

78
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons are critical for

A

producing hypertonic urine

79
Q

Having renal failure can also have _

A

high conc of plasma creatinine

pgy (4 decks)

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