Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Compliance=

A

Change in volume/change in pressure

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2
Q

Compliance is determined by

A

lung structure and surface tension

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3
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

decreases the compliance of the lung and restricts inflation

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4
Q

Total compliance

A

Both lung and chest wall compliance

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5
Q

Lack of type ii alveoli

A

RDS (infants), ARDS (acute)

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6
Q

Surfactant

A

increases compliance

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7
Q

Too little surfactant

A

causes alveoli to collapse

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8
Q

Emphysema

A

destroys elastin fibers decreasing elastic recoil

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9
Q

Oxygen

A

21% of atmospheric pressure (ballpark 150-160mmHg)

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10
Q

Patm=

A

Pn2+Po2+Pco2+Ph2o

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11
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Inc respiratory rate in response to inc metabolism

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12
Q

Tachypnea

A

Short shallow breathing, dog panting

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13
Q

Emphysema and alveoli

A

Dec alveoli and dec surface area= Dec gas exchange

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14
Q

Emphysema and plasma

A

LOW PO2!

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15
Q

Fibrotic lung disease is a —– disease

A

Restrictive= Harder to breathe IN

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16
Q

Fibrotic lung disease=

A

Thick alveoli, loss of lung compliance, BLACK LUNG

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17
Q

Fibrotic lung disease and plasma

A

LOW PO2

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18
Q

Asthma ___ disease

A

OBSTRUCTIVE

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19
Q

Asthma and airways

A

Increased resistance, decreased ventilation, LOW PO2

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20
Q

COPD: _ and _ combo

A

Emphysema + Chronic Bronchitis

21
Q

COPD: _ive and _ive

A

destructive, obstructive

22
Q

Cause of COPD

A

Smoking, exposure to lung irritants

23
Q

Treatment for COPD

A

Bronchodilators, steroids, flu shots, bullectomy/dec volume of lung!

24
Q

Breathe in

A

Inspiratory

25
Q

Breathe out

A

Excitatory

26
Q

Residual volume

A

Volume of air in lungs that you can’t breathe out

27
Q

Vital capacity

A

FULL inspiration and FULL expiration (all reserve too)

28
Q

Forced vital capacity

A

lose expiratory reserve, lungs collapsing and gas gets trapped

29
Q

black lung

A

restrictive

30
Q

diffusion

A

how gas moves between the air and blood

31
Q

right shift in the OD curve means

A

Hemoglobin oxygen affinity is DECREASED

32
Q

fetal hemoglobin has greater o affinity sooo

A

shifts to the left

33
Q

co2 transported in the blood as

A

HCO3-

34
Q

sleep apnea reduces

A

alveolar po2

35
Q

Part of brain important for normal automatic breathing

A

Medulla Oblongata

36
Q

Part of brain important for conscious breathing

A

Cerebral cortex

37
Q

Chemoreceptors are primarily sensitive to changes in ____

A

PCO2

38
Q

hypoventilation will ___ PCO2 in the blood

A

increase

39
Q

Hyperventilation ____ PCO2 in blood

A

DECREASE

40
Q

Activation of pulmonary (stretch) receptors will ___ inspiration

A

inhibit (protects overinflation of lungs) infants

41
Q

hemoglobin bound oxygen contributes to blood PO2

A

false!

42
Q

*The terminal bronchiole would

A

be part of the conducting zone

43
Q

*Air movement thru alveolar duct into alveoli is by

A

Diffusion

44
Q

*What P would be smallest at end of inspiration

A

intrapleural pressure

45
Q

*Total lung cap. =

A

Vital cap. plus residual vol.

46
Q

*Smoking damages lungs and leads to tissue loss which causes

A

Dec. alveolar SA

47
Q
  • humid environment P02 in alveolar air=
A

~100 mmHg

48
Q

*Lung fibrosis

A

decreases compliance in lung