Terms for 01/29/15 Quiz

Question 1

The Parthenon

Answer 1

1. Erected on the Acropolis of Athens in the mid-fifth century BCE
2. Represents the culmination of a century-long effort by Greek architects to build a temple having perfect proportions
3. Architect Iktinos calculated the dimensions of every part of the Parthenon
4. The number of columns on the long versus the short sides corformed to an all-encompassing mathematical formula
5. Result of a “perfect temple”

Question 2

The basic parts of the Greek temple (know at least 5)

Answer 2

1. Shaft
2. Column
3. Cornice
4. Pediment
5. Stylobate

Question 3

The Kritios Boy

Answer 3

1. Marble statue
2. The sculptor of the Kritios Boy was among the first to grasp this anatomical fact and to represent it in sanctuary
3. Has a slight dip to the right hip
4. Head turns slightly to the right and tilts
5. Right leg is bent at ease

Question 4

Polykleitos

Answer 4

1. Sought to portray the perfect man and to impose order on human movement
2. Achieved his goals through harmonic proportions and a system of cross balance for all parts of the body
3. Created Doryphoros aka Spear Bearer
4. Was not content with simply rendering a figure that stands naturally
5. Made the Doryphoros as a demonstration piece to accompany his treatise on the ideal statue of a nude man
6. Contrapasto - weight shift of a statue

Question 5

Roman Concrete Construction

Answer 5

1. Barrel vaults
2. Groin Vaults
3. Hemispherical domes
4. Romans developed concrete construction, which revolutionized architectural design
5. Roman builders mixed concrete according to a changing recipe of lime mortar, volcanic sand, water, and small stones

Question 6

The Colosseum

Answer 6

1. Aka The Flavian Amphitheater
2. One of Vespasian’s first undertakings after becoming emperor
3. Could hold more than 50,000 spectators
4. Takes its name from its location beside the Colossus of Nero
5. Could not have been built without concrete

Question 7

The catacombs in Rome

Answer 7

1. Chambers that served as cemeteries
2. Name derives from the Latin ‘ad catacumbas’
3. Less elaborate than the Etruscan tombs
4. Known catacombs in Rome run for 60 to 90 miles
5. Housed as many as four million bodies

Question 8

Pericles

Answer 8

General of Athens during the Golden Age

Question 9

Importance of Athens

Answer 9

1. Provided allied fleet commander and picked which cities were to furnish ships and which were to pay an annual tribute to treasury at Delos
2. Kept persians at bay

Question 10

Central Plan Building

Answer 10

Structure where parts of equal or near equal dimensions surround center

Question 11

Ambulatory

Answer 11

Ring-like barrel-vaulter corridor

Question 12

Nimbus

Answer 12

Halo

Question 13

Atrium

Answer 13

Central room in private house

Question 14

Transept

Answer 14

Transverse aisle, perpendicular to move; between nave and apse

Question 15

Baldacchino

Answer 15

Dormical canopy over alter

Question 16

Nave

Answer 16

Central, main aisle

Question 17

Apse

Answer 17

End of nave, where alter is

Question 18

Narthex

Answer 18

Vestibule behind nave (front door)

Question 19

Lunettes

Answer 19

Semicircular frames displaying key episodes of Jonah

Question 20

Orants

Answer 20

Praying figures

Question 21

Liturgy

Answer 21

Ritual of public worship

Question 22

Prefiguration

Answer 22

Prophotic forerunner

Question 23

Catacombs (ad catacumbas)

Answer 23

Vast subterranean networks of passageways; chambers that served as cemetaries

Question 24

Cubicula

Answer 24

Roman houses as mortuary chapels within catacombs

Question 25

Greek temple characteristics

Answer 25

1. Parthenon - temple with perfect proportions
2. Pythagoras of Samos - believed beauty was in numeric ratios
3. Displayed their gods and their stories
4. Core is naos or cella
5. Styles: Doric & Ionic
6. Elevation - platform, colonnade, and entablature

Question 26

Chronology of Ancient Rome

Answer 26

1. Amphitheater - double theater; roman amphitheater is 2 greek theaters put into 1.
2. Republic U.S. Empire: republic depends and gives power to a senate and 2 consuls; dictator used to command army in a crisis
3. Monarchy - Latin and Etruscan kings rules Rome from founding by Romulus (753-509 BCE)

Question 27

Acropolis

Answer 27

1. “High city”
2. Most ambitious building project
3. Persian sack destroyed city - got rebuilt by Pericles
4. The Parthenon was located in the center of the Acropolis

Question 28

How did early Christianity begin

Answer 28

1. During 3rd and 4th centuries
2. Junius Basus: mid 4th century converted Rome
3. Art - Junius’s sarcophagus displayed Hebrew scripture and Jesus’s life

Question 29

Ottonian

Answer 29

1. In the mid 10th century, the eastern part of the former empire consolidated under the rule of a new Saxon line of German emperors called, after the three most illustrious family members, the Ottonians
2. A great patron of Ottonian art and architecture was Bishop Bernward of Hildesheim, Germany
3. The Ottonian period witness a revival of interest in freestanding statuary
4. The Ottonian clergy interpreted Hebrew scripture as prefiguring the New Testament
5. For Bernward’s doors, Ottonian metalworkers cast each giant door in a single piece with the figural sculpture of the Old and New testament