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Arh 329 > Midterm Study Terms > Flashcards

Midterm Study Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Neo-Classicism

A
  • A style of art and architecture that emerged in the late 18th century as part of a general revival of interest in classical cultures
  • Neoclassical artists adopted themes and styles from ancient Greece and Rome
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2
Q

Jacques-Louis David

A
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3
Q

Thomas Jefferson

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Wanted neoclassicism to be the nation’s architectural style

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4
Q

Romanticism

A
  • The reaction to Rococo
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau, French Revolution 1789
  • A Western cultural phenomenon, beginning around 1750 and ending about 1850, that gave precedence to feeling and imagination over reason and thought
  • The art movement that flourished from about 1800-1840
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5
Q

Eugene Delacroix

A
  • 1798-1863
  • Rival of Ingres
  • Influence of Baroque
  • Colorist
  • Louise-Philippe replaces him as Limited Monarchy
  • Idealized yet relevant
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6
Q

Realism

A
  • A movement that emerged in the mid-19th century France
  • Realist artists represented the subject matter of everyday life (especially subjects that previously had been considered inappropriate for depiction) in a relatively naturalistic mode
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7
Q

Gustave Courbet

A
  • 1819-1877
  • Heroic materialism
  • Man of the people
  • Anti-church bureaucracy
  • Heroism of the common man
  • Influence of Baroque browns
  • Political activist 1840s
  • Comune - anti-Napoleon group
  • Head of museums
  • Comune accused of corruption
  • Painted the Stonebreakers - 1849, everyday work, Realism style
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8
Q

Claude Monet

A
  • 1832-1883
  • Involved with impressionism
  • Painted the Rouwun cathedral
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9
Q

Impressionism

A
  • The reaction to photography
  • A late-19th century art movement that sought to capture a fleeting moment
  • Conveys the elusiveness and impermanence of images and conditions
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10
Q

The Pre-Raphaelites

A
  • 1850s-1890s
  • English romantic movement, fascination with medieval rituals and magic
  • Woman as mystical and strange
  • Artists include Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John William Waterhouse, and Sir John Everett Millais
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11
Q

John Everett Millais

A
  • Ophelia 1852

- Influence of Shakespeare, but bizzarre

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12
Q

John Nash

A
  • 1752-1835

- Designed the Royal Pavilion

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13
Q

Development of Photography

A
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14
Q

Joseph Nicephore Niepce

A
  • 1765-1833
  • First great pioneer of photography
  • Use of silver chloride on the back of the camera obscura
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15
Q

Louis Daguerre

A
  • 1787-1851
  • Hustler and gallery owner
  • Claims to be the real inventor of photography
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16
Q

William Henry Fox-Talbot

A
  • 1800-1877

- Announced the first practical photographic processes in 1839

17
Q

Van Gogh

A
  • 1853-1890
  • Pre-expressionist or post-impressionist
  • Son of protestant pastor
  • Was 1 of twins
  • Religious missionary London slums
  • Rejected as a priest, won’t do latin
  • Obsessed with women, violent weaponry, hatred of society, paranoia
  • “Sexual Predator”
  • One of his great contributions was his exploitation of color to show emotion
  • Artwork example: “The Night Cafe” 1888, “Starry Night”
  • Removes the barrier between people and their environment
  • Artistry was to be influential in the development of German art and film, helping to lay the groundwork for the movement now known as Expressionism
  • Killed himself
18
Q

Edvard Munch

A
  • 1863-1944
  • Norwegian painter
  • Post-impressionist, pre-expressionist
  • Influenced by Van Gogh
  • More influenced by a half-mad father who terrified the young boy with fear of the devil and left him extremely sensitive to the world around him
  • Sought to depict certain primitive forces in his paintings, which supposedly exist within all of us; artwork example: The Scream (1893)
  • Distortion, exaggeration, anguish - abandon natural imagery for greater impact
  • Play a significant role in the development of the German Expressionist cinema
  • Worked as a mural painter in 1906 for Max Reinhardt’s Kammerspiele or intimate theater
  • Painted “The Scream” - stolen 3 times
19
Q

Max Reinhardt

A
  • 1907-1919
  • Head of German theater
  • Influence on German film was crucial
  • Trained and worked with such film giants as Conrad Veldt, Werner Krauss, and Paul Wegener
  • His work Kammerspiele was designed to accommodate 300 viewers and the emphasis was on exactly the sort of thing which Munch has expressed in his paintings: psychic acoustics
  • Worked on Metropolis with Munch
20
Q

Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

A
  • 1919
  • Movie
  • Blends dynamic distortion of Van Gogh & Die Brucke
  • Expressionist distortion: Reinhardtian atmosphere
  • The pathetic isolation and anguish of Munch
  • The psychic acoustics of Reinhardt
  • Disorientation of the German people after WW1
  • Post-depression in Germany
21
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

-Death wish, role of women, repression

22
Q

Die Brucke

A
  • German, “the bridge”
  • An early 20th century German Expressionist art movement under the leadership of Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
  • The group thought of itself as the bridge between the old age and the new
23
Q

Weimar Republic

A
  • Demonstrated constitution in central Germany
  • Failed to curb inflation
  • Failed to
24
Q

Hans Poelzig

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-Grosses Schauspielhaus 1919/Great Playhouse

25
Q

Stimmung

A
  • Atmosphere which Edvard Munch sought in his intimate playhouse
  • Germanic images
26
Q

Fritz Lang

A
  • Born December 5, 1890 in Vienna
  • Studied architecture in technical school in Vienna and then graphic art in Munich
  • Films generally exhibit certain characteristics such as sets in exotic locales
  • Directed the movie Metropolis
  • Was supposedly inspired by the New York skyline during a visit to Metropolis in 1924
  • Film has been criticized mostly of its didactic heaviness
  • Films are often similar to Greek tragedies
  • Grew up in an age where architects were entirely rethinking ways in which buildings would be made using modern materials such as iron, steel, and reinforced concrete
  • His elimination of Expressionist bravura cost him critical praise but by insisting on using reality to express ideas, he made films which were subtler and more difficult
27
Q

Metropolis

A
  • Movie directed by Fritz Lang
  • One of the most visually stunning films ever made
  • Jon Frederson is the perfect Aeschylean tyrant who realizes after the city is in ruins that the heart must mediate between the mind and the hand
  • Fritz Lang believes that the ending is oversimplified and that it is economically unsophisticated
  • Ideas expressed in the film are not trite but really important even today
  • “What happens when people live in cells?”
28
Q

German Depression

A
  • Dark era of Pessimism

- 1924 - The Dawes Plan

29
Q

LeCorbusier

A
  • Savoye House (1929)
  • German architect
  • Believed in designing houses which were perfectly suited to the occupant
  • Influential in the ideas of Germany’s school of design, the Bauhaus (
30
Q

Hermann Muthesius

A
  • Studied British architecture in 1896
  • Controlled who got appointed to major art schools
  • Believed deeply in standardizing art and simplifying its forms
31
Q

Walter Gropius

A
  • Son of an architect
  • Studied in Munich about the same time as Lang
  • Successor of Hermann Muthesius
  • Worked briefly wit LeCorbusier and was familiar with the works of such artists as Wasily Kandinsky and Piet Mondrian
  • Became the guiding spirit of the Bauhaus and was concerned about developing Muthesius’ ideas
  • Favored mass-produced housing, desiring to assemble low-cost units in varied combinations of several basic forms
32
Q

Bauhaus

A
  • 1919-1933
  • A school of architecture in Germany in the 1920s under the aegis of Walter Gropius, who emphasized the unity of art, architecture, and design
  • Was founded with high hopes to house the poor after WW1 and to find good uses for mass production
33
Q

F.W. Murnau

A
  • Born on December 28, 1889 in Westphalia
  • Father was a wealthy textile industrialist, mother was a Swedish jew
  • German director of the 1920s with a penchant for fantasy
  • Among the disoriented group of Germans whose families suddenly went broke
  • Was always interested in theater
  • Eventually worked for Mac Reinhardt
  • Quickly developed as a theater director and then a film director for UFA even though he has very little technical ability
  • Auteur like Lang, he exhibits characteristics in his films which continually recur
  • Films can normally be appreciated on many levels and are more subliminally exciting than blatantly Expressionistic
34
Q

Who was Vera-Ellen

A
35
Q

What were some of Vera’s problems as a young girl

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36
Q

How Did Vera-Ellen become famous

A
37
Q

What went wrong with Vera’s marriage

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Arh 329 (6 decks)

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