Midterm Study Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Neo-Classicism
A
- A style of art and architecture that emerged in the late 18th century as part of a general revival of interest in classical cultures
- Neoclassical artists adopted themes and styles from ancient Greece and Rome
2
Q
Jacques-Louis David
A
3
Q
Thomas Jefferson
A
Wanted neoclassicism to be the nation’s architectural style
4
Q
Romanticism
A
- The reaction to Rococo
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, French Revolution 1789
- A Western cultural phenomenon, beginning around 1750 and ending about 1850, that gave precedence to feeling and imagination over reason and thought
- The art movement that flourished from about 1800-1840
5
Q
Eugene Delacroix
A
- 1798-1863
- Rival of Ingres
- Influence of Baroque
- Colorist
- Louise-Philippe replaces him as Limited Monarchy
- Idealized yet relevant
6
Q
Realism
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- A movement that emerged in the mid-19th century France
- Realist artists represented the subject matter of everyday life (especially subjects that previously had been considered inappropriate for depiction) in a relatively naturalistic mode
7
Q
Gustave Courbet
A
- 1819-1877
- Heroic materialism
- Man of the people
- Anti-church bureaucracy
- Heroism of the common man
- Influence of Baroque browns
- Political activist 1840s
- Comune - anti-Napoleon group
- Head of museums
- Comune accused of corruption
- Painted the Stonebreakers - 1849, everyday work, Realism style
8
Q
Claude Monet
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- 1832-1883
- Involved with impressionism
- Painted the Rouwun cathedral
9
Q
Impressionism
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- The reaction to photography
- A late-19th century art movement that sought to capture a fleeting moment
- Conveys the elusiveness and impermanence of images and conditions
10
Q
The Pre-Raphaelites
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- 1850s-1890s
- English romantic movement, fascination with medieval rituals and magic
- Woman as mystical and strange
- Artists include Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John William Waterhouse, and Sir John Everett Millais
11
Q
John Everett Millais
A
- Ophelia 1852
- Influence of Shakespeare, but bizzarre
12
Q
John Nash
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- 1752-1835
- Designed the Royal Pavilion
13
Q
Development of Photography
A
14
Q
Joseph Nicephore Niepce
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- 1765-1833
- First great pioneer of photography
- Use of silver chloride on the back of the camera obscura
15
Q
Louis Daguerre
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- 1787-1851
- Hustler and gallery owner
- Claims to be the real inventor of photography
16
Q
William Henry Fox-Talbot
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- 1800-1877
- Announced the first practical photographic processes in 1839
17
Q
Van Gogh
A
- 1853-1890
- Pre-expressionist or post-impressionist
- Son of protestant pastor
- Was 1 of twins
- Religious missionary London slums
- Rejected as a priest, won’t do latin
- Obsessed with women, violent weaponry, hatred of society, paranoia
- “Sexual Predator”
- One of his great contributions was his exploitation of color to show emotion
- Artwork example: “The Night Cafe” 1888, “Starry Night”
- Removes the barrier between people and their environment
- Artistry was to be influential in the development of German art and film, helping to lay the groundwork for the movement now known as Expressionism
- Killed himself
18
Q
Edvard Munch
A
- 1863-1944
- Norwegian painter
- Post-impressionist, pre-expressionist
- Influenced by Van Gogh
- More influenced by a half-mad father who terrified the young boy with fear of the devil and left him extremely sensitive to the world around him
- Sought to depict certain primitive forces in his paintings, which supposedly exist within all of us; artwork example: The Scream (1893)
- Distortion, exaggeration, anguish - abandon natural imagery for greater impact
- Play a significant role in the development of the German Expressionist cinema
- Worked as a mural painter in 1906 for Max Reinhardt’s Kammerspiele or intimate theater
- Painted “The Scream” - stolen 3 times
19
Q
Max Reinhardt
A
- 1907-1919
- Head of German theater
- Influence on German film was crucial
- Trained and worked with such film giants as Conrad Veldt, Werner Krauss, and Paul Wegener
- His work Kammerspiele was designed to accommodate 300 viewers and the emphasis was on exactly the sort of thing which Munch has expressed in his paintings: psychic acoustics
- Worked on Metropolis with Munch
20
Q
Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
A
- 1919
- Movie
- Blends dynamic distortion of Van Gogh & Die Brucke
- Expressionist distortion: Reinhardtian atmosphere
- The pathetic isolation and anguish of Munch
- The psychic acoustics of Reinhardt
- Disorientation of the German people after WW1
- Post-depression in Germany
21
Q
Sigmund Freud
A
-Death wish, role of women, repression
22
Q
Die Brucke
A
- German, “the bridge”
- An early 20th century German Expressionist art movement under the leadership of Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
- The group thought of itself as the bridge between the old age and the new
23
Q
Weimar Republic
A
- Demonstrated constitution in central Germany
- Failed to curb inflation
- Failed to
24
Q
Hans Poelzig
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-Grosses Schauspielhaus 1919/Great Playhouse
25
Q
Stimmung
A
- Atmosphere which Edvard Munch sought in his intimate playhouse
- Germanic images
26
Q
Fritz Lang
A
- Born December 5, 1890 in Vienna
- Studied architecture in technical school in Vienna and then graphic art in Munich
- Films generally exhibit certain characteristics such as sets in exotic locales
- Directed the movie Metropolis
- Was supposedly inspired by the New York skyline during a visit to Metropolis in 1924
- Film has been criticized mostly of its didactic heaviness
- Films are often similar to Greek tragedies
- Grew up in an age where architects were entirely rethinking ways in which buildings would be made using modern materials such as iron, steel, and reinforced concrete
- His elimination of Expressionist bravura cost him critical praise but by insisting on using reality to express ideas, he made films which were subtler and more difficult
27
Q
Metropolis
A
- Movie directed by Fritz Lang
- One of the most visually stunning films ever made
- Jon Frederson is the perfect Aeschylean tyrant who realizes after the city is in ruins that the heart must mediate between the mind and the hand
- Fritz Lang believes that the ending is oversimplified and that it is economically unsophisticated
- Ideas expressed in the film are not trite but really important even today
- “What happens when people live in cells?”
28
Q
German Depression
A
- Dark era of Pessimism
- 1924 - The Dawes Plan
29
Q
LeCorbusier
A
- Savoye House (1929)
- German architect
- Believed in designing houses which were perfectly suited to the occupant
- Influential in the ideas of Germany’s school of design, the Bauhaus (
30
Q
Hermann Muthesius
A
- Studied British architecture in 1896
- Controlled who got appointed to major art schools
- Believed deeply in standardizing art and simplifying its forms
31
Q
Walter Gropius
A
- Son of an architect
- Studied in Munich about the same time as Lang
- Successor of Hermann Muthesius
- Worked briefly wit LeCorbusier and was familiar with the works of such artists as Wasily Kandinsky and Piet Mondrian
- Became the guiding spirit of the Bauhaus and was concerned about developing Muthesius’ ideas
- Favored mass-produced housing, desiring to assemble low-cost units in varied combinations of several basic forms
32
Q
Bauhaus
A
- 1919-1933
- A school of architecture in Germany in the 1920s under the aegis of Walter Gropius, who emphasized the unity of art, architecture, and design
- Was founded with high hopes to house the poor after WW1 and to find good uses for mass production
33
Q
F.W. Murnau
A
- Born on December 28, 1889 in Westphalia
- Father was a wealthy textile industrialist, mother was a Swedish jew
- German director of the 1920s with a penchant for fantasy
- Among the disoriented group of Germans whose families suddenly went broke
- Was always interested in theater
- Eventually worked for Mac Reinhardt
- Quickly developed as a theater director and then a film director for UFA even though he has very little technical ability
- Auteur like Lang, he exhibits characteristics in his films which continually recur
- Films can normally be appreciated on many levels and are more subliminally exciting than blatantly Expressionistic
34
Q
Who was Vera-Ellen
A
35
Q
What were some of Vera’s problems as a young girl
A
36
Q
How Did Vera-Ellen become famous
A
37
Q
What went wrong with Vera’s marriage
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