Terms/Concepts/Events 3

Question 1

wardship

Answer 1

state of being under the care of another person. Refers to the relationship between First Nations and the colonial or Canadian government

Question 2

enfranchisement

Answer 2

acquisition of the right to vote

Question 3

red river resistance

Answer 3

HBC sold its territorial rights to the new dominion of Canada; both parties ignored the Metis of the Red River; led by Louis Riel, established a provisional government; Red River became the province of MB in 1870

Question 4

Batoche

Answer 4

headquarters of Louis Riel’s provisional government and the site of the last battle of the Northwest Rebellion

Question 5

Louis Riel

Answer 5

metis leader; founder of MB; spiritual leader of the Riel Rebellion, and Northwest Rebellion; hanged for treason

Question 6

Gabriel Dumont

Answer 6

Louis Riel’s military commander during the Northwest Rebellion

Question 7

British North American Act

Answer 7

1867 Law that created the Canadian Confederation

Question 8

Numbered Treaties

Answer 8

canada: treaties were intended to clear the way for settlement by riding any Indig claims to the jurisdiction. Indigenous: establish the parameters around land use and how the land would be shared. Agreeable to sharing, but not major changes to their way of life.

Question 9

Indian Act

Answer 9

integration of all previously existing laws governing Indig people; passed in 1867; emerged as a tool of assimilation and restricting mobility; based on race; laws that seek to control nearly every aspect of Indig life; governs all matter from bands and treaties

Question 10

Big Bear

Answer 10

chief who refused to sign Treaty 6, working instead to unite the Cree and create an Indian territory. His band participated in the 1885 Northwest Rebellion, and Big Bear was convicted of treason-felony. Wanted to negotiate stronger terms as treaties would impact generations

Question 11

Poundmaker

Answer 11

convicted of treason-felony following the 1885 Northwest Rebellion though he sought to be a peace maker during the hostilities

Question 12

Pass System

Answer 12

regulation introduced after the Northwest Rebellion that required First Peoples in the West to obtain permission from the Indian Agent to leave their reserve; Not based in any legislation

Question 13

residential schools

Answer 13

boarding schools for First Nations children usually run as a joint government-church enterprises with the purpose of assimilating these children into white society

Question 14

Indian Agents

Answer 14

displaced traditional Aboriginal leaders, imposed federal authority on the Native population

Question 15

indian agents acted as:

Answer 15

justice of peace; arresting officers; prosecutor; judge; determined who could live on reserves/reserve leadership; made decisions on best uses of the land

Question 16

missionaries

Answer 16

person sent on a religious mission, especially to promote Christianity in a foreign country.

Question 17

Northwest Rebellion

Answer 17

Metis, Indians, and some whites who were concerned about encroachment of white settlers and for their own future with the demise of the vast buffalo herds of the western Plains. Rebellion led by Louis Riel

Question 18

Northwest Rebellion Aftermath

Answer 18

impacts on French-English relations; race relations in Canada; consequence for those who played a major role; Riel is the target of political response

Question 19

Plains Cree Alliance

Answer 19

Little Pine refused to take treaty until 1879; sought to follow the hunt to Cypress Hills; unified with other Cree chiefs to establish one large reserve; government refused and accused Little Pine of starting a confederacy

Question 20

Potlatch Law

Answer 20

government saw the sharing of food amd wealth as wasteful, knew it was central to Indig. culture; impacted traditional governance, economic systems, oral traditions, transmission of knowledge and culture; still held ‘underground’; “interrupted” assimilation

Question 21

relocation

Answer 21

policy of Canadian government, meant moving Indian or Inuit communities to new locations

Question 22

NWMP

Answer 22

created to help patrol and enforce laws; original plan was for it to be 50% Metis; plan failed after a revolt; consequence of plan changing was a force that reflected settlers/Euro concerns rather than Indig.

Question 23

Indian Agricultural Program

Answer 23

expected to provide long term economic base; program was a failure- crappy land and wasn’t their way of life.

Question 24

Agricultural Challenges

Answer 24

Euro-Canadian had no knowledge of prairie climate or soils; based on grains and not “three sister”; import and delivery of farming equipment difficult and delayed; farming instructors had very little experience; prohibitions on sale of Indig. agricultural produce; effect was to hinder Indig farming and drive them away from it

Question 25

Allied Indian Tribe of BC

Answer 25

Indig rights organization formed after ww1; focused on issues of land claims and Aboriginal title in BC; 16 tribal groups

Question 26

League of Indians

Answer 26

formed in 1919 by Frederick Loft. Goals were to protect the rights and to improve the living conditions of First Nations people in Canada

Question 27

Ewing Commission

Answer 27

AB government commission struck to inquire into Metis grievances; opposed special status for Metis; didn’t see government as having legal obligation; proposed establishment of farm colonies

Question 28

“Redman’s Appeal for Justice”

Answer 28

a pamphlet issued stating that all the Iroquois were asking for was home rule, much as the colonies had done a century earlier