Terms/Concepts/Events 1 Flashcards
Nation
-denotes political entity, but also a common social interdependence within a community. -rights and responsibility between people and the land -process of gathering, participating in community life. -Nationhood instead of minority rights
Tradition
-intergenerational knowledge/practices -efforts to ban traditional practices central part of colonialism -revitalization of tradition central to empowerment -debates around modernizing traditions, protecting traditions
colonialism
-“imperialism” means the practice, the theory, and the attitudes of a dominating metropolitan centre ruling a distant territory. -colonism, which is almost always a consequence of imperialism, is the implementing of settlements on distant territory
sovereignty
-refers to the self-determining status of Native nations. -distinguishes Native people from other marginalized/radicalized groups. -implies a distinct relationship with the land and distinct legal history with Canada. -different than human right, civil rights
worldview
how you look at the world; provides answers for many of life’s questions (role and purpose of humans in the world); values, priorities, behaviours, actions and motivations follow from it; concept of reality.
creation stories
-every creation story has a particular worldview. -explanations of how world began and how it is related into a unique network of relationships. -how humans came to earth, how land forms, etc.
land
sovereignty grounded in Indig. relationships with land; colonialism and Indig. resistance generally centered on land; related questions of identity, belonging, rights and responsibility.
egalitarianism
doctrine that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities
Where did Native Peoples come from?
Bering Strait Theory; Aboriginal creation stories
Pre-Clovis Theory
settlements as far back as 19 000 BCE discovered; ice-free corridor opened too late; some sites do not fit these theories
clovis theory
Indig. people from Siberia carried large spears with Clovis Points and migrated across Bringia land bridge.
three wave theory
came in 3 waves of migration; problem with theory- not enough time to produce language diversity
seven generations principle
philosophy that the decisions we make today should result in a sustainable world seven generations into the future; we are always in the middle of this; continuous conception of time
oral traditions
oral transmissions of stories, histories, lessons, and other knowledge to maintain a historical record and sustain Indig. culture and identities; dancing and drumming is part of this; sometimes if the story is written down then it is degraded
oral storytelling
seasonal tradition; keeps knowledge “alive”; story must be told accurately, but sometimes different versions; reflects relational nature of knowledge.
civilization
societies and civilizations involve structures in which a number of people share common traditions, values, ways of life; ‘advanced’ stage of social development or organization
common elements of a civilization
cities, governments, social class, religion, art & architecture, jobs or rules, infrastructure, systems of writing, trade
olmec civilization
1st city builders in America; large plazas, pyramidal structures; sculptured enormous heads chiseled from basalt; well-established cultural, political, military systems; bustling market places, palaces, decorated with paintings
Teotihuacan
housed an elite of warriors and priests; schools for their children; sprawling suburbs
Aztec
island metropolis; at its centre lay a large plaza bordered by sumptous palaces; great temple of the sun; captured by the Spanish; ruins are heart of Mexico City
Cahokia
many broad plazas full of farmers trading corn, beans and squash for goods; craft workers and merchants; more than 100 flat-topped pyramidal mounds crowned by religious temples and the palaces of rulers
gift giving
diplomatic ritual involved in the sealing of agreements between First Nations, and later between New France and Aboriginal people through the trade of goods or hostages, which resulted in blood ties
treaty-making
sought to establish boundaries between Indig. people and settlers; provided for the “sale” of tracts of land; guarantees of protection from settlers’ interference were obtained; misunderstanding of reserves amd who was going to be on them. (indig thought they’d be sharing the land)
alliance building
Had to reconcile differences in: leadership/government; language; concepts of family; economy; spirituality; sense of land, animals, people
