terms and quizs Flashcards
the manner of speech characteristic of a certain area or class
dialect
a character used to emphasize another character opposing traits with a work
foil character
a brief verbal expression that amuses listeners through clever yet unexpected turns of phrase or connections between ideas
wit
besting another remark or turning it to one’s own advantage in a contest of wits
repartee
a momentary emotional experience in which readers transcend everyday living and briefly grasp the ultimate of beauty, horror, time, or grandeur
the sublime
a poetic device in which lines flow past the end of one verse line and into the next breaking up a grammatical unit such as subject and verb or verb and object, with no punctuation at the end of the first verse line
enjambment
a pause in the middle of a line of poetry usually indicated by a mark of punctuation
Cae Sura
the agreement of sounds involving rhymes within a line
internal rhyme
the repetition of the same vowel sound in nearby stressed syllables
assonance
the repetition of terminal constant sounds and more rarely of internal constants that creates extra emphasis on the worlds involved
consonance
changes or develops as the story progresses
dynamic character
remains essentially the same throughout the story
static character
characterized as an unrepentant rebel rendered God-like, mysterious, and grand by aloof and anguished by an arrogant figure of impenetrable thought
Byronic hero
a 9 line stanza rhyming ababbcbcc with eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a line of iambic hexameter
Spenserian stanza
a long lyric poem elevated in style and written in a complex stanza on a serious theme and often for a specific occasion
ode
a verse form in which 3 line stanzas interlock in the following pattern: aba, CDC, ded, etc.
terza rima
the use of words whose sounds are pleasant and musical to the ear
euphony
the use of words that are hard and discordant in sound
cacophony
a devotion to beauty and therefore to art, as the highest human concern
aestheticism
what is the definition of rationalism
rationalism is the belief that human reason rather than divine revelation or human authority is the source of all knowledge and the only valid basis for action
what was the enlightenment?
Enlightenment is a time when it was thought that society had emerged from centuries of superstition and clrudity into the light of reason
on which two issues did parliament disagree with Charles
Catholicism and the kings divine right
to what religious group did Cromwell belong
puritan
what is the interregnum
interregnum denoting the years between Charles 1 and Charles 11 reign. It encompassed both the commonwealth (1644-53) and the protectorate (1654-60)
who ruled England during the interregnum
Oliver Cromwell ruled England he headed the executive council then became lord protection
what two political parties formed during this time (civil war and enlightenment)
whigs and tories
what were the two sections of parliament
house of lords and house of commons
why did the house of Commons become so powerful
House of Commons became so powerful because of its increasing wealth over-taxation it eventually became more powerful than the house of lords and king house
what are some of the key inventions from this period(civil war and enlightenment)
the steam engine and textile manufacturing
what were some negative results of the industrial revolution
child labor
tenets
expropriation of workers
what are some common beliefs of deism
Deism is the existence of creation who created the world but leaves it to its own devices. They believe in the goodness of man and the afterlife where virtue is rewarded and vice punished . Also rejected the miracle from Christ’s deity to his atoning death.
why was Voltaire important
Voltaire believed in the existence of God but rejected the idea of a personal God as well as Christ’s deity. He was one of the members of the Enlightenment
why is the new artistic style called neoclassicism
this style was based on modes from classical Greece and Rome
what are the characteristics of neoclassical literature?
neoclassicism is regularity exactness, symmetry, polish, surface, neatness
how did the culture of prewar and postwar England affect the tone of the literature produced at the time
- Before the was, Literature was centered primarily in the royal court. The general tone was fitting for an age of strong monarchy with emphasis on obedience and conformity to the appointed order.
- After the war, the new world opened up temporary lifting off strict censorship controls opened the door to many new voices-religious, political, and social
what broad genre came to increased prominence during the 18th century
prose
what two parties dominated politics and how did their fights affect literature
The two parties that dominated politics were Whigs who favored more power for parliament and Tories who favored the traditional authorities of the monarch and established church, It resulted in persuasive prose to new heights
what other forces at work during this era cause a rise in literacy(early neoclassical writers)
- emphasis on education
- enlightenment and prostate values coincided to stress more people needed to read and think for themselves
- commercial classes growth demanded greater business skills from members
what writing style trends characterized early neoclassicism
simplicity, elegance, plainness, correctness, wit, realism, directness, didacticism, and clarity
what is Samuel Johnson best-known work
dictionary of the English language
what did the dictionary of the English language accomplish
preservation
increased communicative power
to what facets of human nature do sensibility refer
the human ability to feel emotions
the ability to appreciate goodness and beauty
what three types of literature are listed as manifestations of sensibility
sentimental
comedy
poetry
what particular feature of their lives unites the authors contained in part 4
they were all outside the norms of England culture of their period
what made Bunyan, Watts, Weasley, and Wilberforce outsiders
religious outsiders in some fashion
What prompted Bunyan to write “Pilgrim’s progress”
he was incarnated for 12 years as a result of his preaching
what problem did the Wesley brothers respond to
they responded to the dead-end state of the Anglican church
How did Charles Wesley use literature to make his voice heard and in whose footsteps did he follow
He was a hymn writer to express his ideas and followed Isaac Watts
How did Evangelicals affect England in the late 18th century and what political figure exemplified this effect
Evangelicals had a strong influence on social reform efforts. William Wilberforce exemplified this effort
what made Behn unusual for her time
She was the first woman to publish professionally
What new voice emerged after the downsides of neoclassical thought became increasingly clear
Romanticism
what three forces highly influenced the romantic era
Industrial reveloution
french revolution
Napoleonic wars
what is meant by laissez-faire?What problems did England create by embracing it
Laissez-faire declares a policy of government non interference in the economy. It felts workers vulnerable to unreasonable demands by employees
why was child labor a controversial issue
Child labor was a controversial issue because people considered it inhumane as children worked long hours under grueling conditions
What battle was the final defeat for Napolean
the battle of waterloo
what cultural areas did romanticism affect
politics and art, religion, philosophy
why did people reject Enlightenment rationalism
It walled out all the intangible and non-rational
what four philosophies gained prominence during this era(romanticism to victorian)
ideals
transcendentalism
progression
primitivism
what two prose genres developed significantly in this era(romanticism to victorinism)
essay and novel
what were the two political parties?
romanticism to victorian
liberal
conservations
how were the lives of child laborers improved
- workday limited to 8 hours
- eventually universal education up to 10 years
- medicated
- children under 9 were banned from some industries
what city replaced Paris as the center of European civilization
London
what was the single most important invention of the era(romanticism to victorian)
railroads
where else was steam power harnessed (besides the train)
sailing vessels
what are some other innovations of the time(romanticism to victorisn)
photography engineering of storage and water systems new surgical techniques gas and electric power discovery of antiseptics and anesthesia
why was India the “jewel in the crown”
it had an abundance of resources
what was Victoria’s title in India
the “empress of India”
what was the most important genre during the victorian era
novel was important
what are two other prose genres that flourished during this time
(romanticism to victorian)
periodicals
essay
