Terms and Definitions: Cell Transport of Materials Flashcards
Transport System
substances need to pass through the cell membrane to enter or leave the cell and they so in a number of ways - using a specialised transport system to cross the membrane
- some of these processes require no energy = passive
- other require energy = active
Terms and Definitions
Enables small molecules to pass through (passive)
Pores
Terms and Definitions
soluble molecules dissolve and diffuse (passive)
Simple Diffusion
Terms and Definitions
diffused with the help of a carrier protein (passive)
Facilitated Diffusion/ Transport
Terms and Definitions
move from low to high concentration using ATP (active)
Active Transport
Terms and Definitions: 2
found in the cell membrane that enable molecules to pass through
pores
Terms and Definitions: 2
molecules that are soluble in fats (lipids) will dissolve in the lipid part of the membrane and diffuse across it, e.g. oxygen uses this method.
This is passive diffusion, where substances go from an are of HI to LO concentration to one of low concentration without using energy
Simple diffusion
Terms and Definitions: 2
another type of passive diffusion, but the substance enlists the help of a carrier protein,
e.g. glucose uses insulin to enter the cell
Facilitated Diffusion
Terms and Definitions: 2
Substances being moved from a region of low concentration to a higher concentration (the opposite of normal) e.g. they are travelling against a concentation gradient.
This requires energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
- e.g. sodium (Na+) enters the cell this way
Active Transport
Water provides the medium in whichall of the body’s biomechanical reactions take place, and thus is essentional to maintain the body’s internal environment in a state of balance - this is called __________
Homeostasis
Body water and the chemicals within it are constantly moving around the body. The two processes responsible for this movement to equalise the concentration of water inside and outside the cell are:
1.)_____________
and
2.)_____________
- diffusion
- osmosis
In the animals body, diffusion is important for:
moving o____ and c____ d____ between the lungs and blood
oxygen
carbon
dioxide
In the animals body, diffusion is important for:
moving digested food m______ from the gut into the blood
molecules
In the animals body, diffusion is important for:
the removal of _______ products from the cell
waste
In the animals body, osmosis is important for water movement:
__ and __ of the cell
in
out
In the animals body, osmosis is important for water movement:
from the i______ into the blood system
intestine
In the animals body, osmosis is important for water movement:
between the blood capilliaries and the fluid around the cells (e.g. extra-_____ fluid.
extra-cellular
In the animals body, osmosis is important for water movement:
from u____ to the kidneys (to concentrate the urine)
urine
A solution consists of one substance the s_______ dissolved in another substance the s_______
solute
solvent
in the ____ the solvent is water
body
all solutions have o_____ pressure
osmotic
if the osmotic pressure is ___, water will flow into the blood to equalise the concentration
- prevents osmosis from occuring
high
if the osmotic pressure of the plasmsa is ___, water will flow out of the blood into the tissue spaces
- prevents osmosis from occuring
low
this is the process by which cells absorb m_______ such as proteins by engulfing them.
- when solid matter is absorbed in this manner it’s called Phagocytosis
- when liquid matter is absorbed it’s called Pinocytosis
molecules
this is the process by which cells direct m_______ to the outside of the cell into the extra-cellular fluid
- it occurs in all cells but is most important in s______ cells (e.g. cells that produce digestive enzymes and hormones) and nerve cells.
materials
secretory
when solid matter is absorbed
Phagocytosis
when liquid matter is absorbed
Pinocytosis
osmotic pressure/ tonicity of a rehydrating fluid is described relative to the osmotic pressure of blood plasma:
fluid has the same osmotic pressure as plasma
Isotonic
fluid has a lower osmotic pressure than plasma
Hypotonic
fluid has a higher osmotic pressure than plasma
Hypertonic
water loss that cannot be controlled -e.g. by the respiratory or cuteneous is called in_____ or in_____ loss
inevitable
insensible
Cell Division
cells divide when:
- an animal grows
- an animal’s body repairs an injury
- an animals priduces sperm or eggs (or ova)
There are two types of cell division:
- m____
- m____
- mitosis
- meiosis
- this is the cell division that occurs when an animal grows and when tissues are repaired or replaced.
- produces two new daugher cells. Each with a full set of chromosomes that are identical to each other and to the parent cell.
- all cells contain DNA
Mitosis
- this is the cells divions that produces ova (eggs) and sperm necassary for sexual reproduction. It only occurs in the ovary and testis.
- function: halve the number of chromosomes.
- only halves two divisions - one after the other - all four cells produced are genetically different from each other and the parent cell
Meiosis
Body cells with a full set of chromosomes are called:
___loid cells
Diploid
gametes (sperm/ ova) eith half the chromosomes are called:
___loid cells
haploid
