Terms and Definitions: Cell Transport of Materials

Question 1

Transport System

substances need to pass through the cell membrane to enter or leave the cell and they so in a number of ways - using a specialised transport system to cross the membrane

• some of these processes require no energy = passive
• other require energy = active

Question 2

Terms and Definitions

Enables small molecules to pass through (passive)

Answer 2

Pores

Question 3

Terms and Definitions

soluble molecules dissolve and diffuse (passive)

Answer 3

Simple Diffusion

Question 4

Terms and Definitions

diffused with the help of a carrier protein (passive)

Answer 4

Facilitated Diffusion/ Transport

Question 5

Terms and Definitions

move from low to high concentration using ATP (active)

Answer 5

Active Transport

Question 6

Terms and Definitions: 2

found in the cell membrane that enable molecules to pass through

Answer 6

pores

Question 7

Terms and Definitions: 2

molecules that are soluble in fats (lipids) will dissolve in the lipid part of the membrane and diffuse across it, e.g. oxygen uses this method.

This is passive diffusion, where substances go from an are of HI to LO concentration to one of low concentration without using energy

Answer 7

Simple diffusion

Question 8

Terms and Definitions: 2

another type of passive diffusion, but the substance enlists the help of a carrier protein,

e.g. glucose uses insulin to enter the cell

Answer 8

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 9

Terms and Definitions: 2

Substances being moved from a region of low concentration to a higher concentration (the opposite of normal) e.g. they are travelling against a concentation gradient.

This requires energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

• e.g. sodium (Na+) enters the cell this way

Answer 9

Active Transport

Question 10

Water provides the medium in whichall of the body’s biomechanical reactions take place, and thus is essentional to maintain the body’s internal environment in a state of balance - this is called __________

Answer 10

Homeostasis

Question 11

Body water and the chemicals within it are constantly moving around the body. The two processes responsible for this movement to equalise the concentration of water inside and outside the cell are:

1.)_____________

and

2.)_____________

Answer 11

1. diffusion
2. osmosis

Question 12

In the animals body, diffusion is important for:

moving o____ and c____ d____ between the lungs and blood

Answer 12

oxygen

carbon

dioxide

Question 14

In the animals body, diffusion is important for:

moving digested food m______ from the gut into the blood

Answer 14

molecules

Question 15

In the animals body, diffusion is important for:

the removal of _______ products from the cell

Answer 15

waste

Question 16

In the animals body, osmosis is important for water movement:

__ and __ of the cell

Answer 16

in

out

Question 17

In the animals body, osmosis is important for water movement:

from the i______ into the blood system

Answer 17

intestine

Question 18

In the animals body, osmosis is important for water movement:

between the blood capilliaries and the fluid around the cells (e.g. extra-_____ fluid.

Answer 18

extra-cellular

Question 19

In the animals body, osmosis is important for water movement:

from u____ to the kidneys (to concentrate the urine)

Answer 19

urine

Question 20

A solution consists of one substance the s_______ dissolved in another substance the s_______

Answer 20

solute

solvent

Question 21

in the ____ the solvent is water

Answer 21

body

Question 22

all solutions have o_____ pressure

Answer 22

osmotic

Question 23

if the osmotic pressure is ___, water will flow into the blood to equalise the concentration

• prevents osmosis from occuring

Answer 23

high

Question 24

if the osmotic pressure of the plasmsa is ___, water will flow out of the blood into the tissue spaces

• prevents osmosis from occuring

Answer 24

low

Question 25

this is the process by which cells absorb m_______ such as proteins by engulfing them.

• when solid matter is absorbed in this manner it’s called Phagocytosis
• when liquid matter is absorbed it’s called Pinocytosis

Answer 25

molecules

Question 26

this is the process by which cells direct m_______ to the outside of the cell into the extra-cellular fluid

• it occurs in all cells but is most important in s______ cells (e.g. cells that produce digestive enzymes and hormones) and nerve cells.

Answer 26

materials

secretory

Question 27

when solid matter is absorbed

Answer 27

Phagocytosis

Question 28

when liquid matter is absorbed

Answer 28

Pinocytosis

Question 29

osmotic pressure/ tonicity of a rehydrating fluid is described relative to the osmotic pressure of blood plasma:

Question 30

fluid has the same osmotic pressure as plasma

Answer 30

Isotonic

Question 31

fluid has a lower osmotic pressure than plasma

Answer 31

Hypotonic

Question 32

fluid has a higher osmotic pressure than plasma

Answer 32

Hypertonic

Question 33

water loss that cannot be controlled -e.g. by the respiratory or cuteneous is called in_____ or in_____ loss

Answer 33

inevitable

insensible

Question 34

Cell Division

cells divide when:

• an animal grows
• an animal’s body repairs an injury
• an animals priduces sperm or eggs (or ova)

Question 35

There are two types of cell division:

1. m____
2. m____

Answer 35

1. mitosis
2. meiosis

Question 36

• this is the cell division that occurs when an animal grows and when tissues are repaired or replaced.
• produces two new daugher cells. Each with a full set of chromosomes that are identical to each other and to the parent cell.
• all cells contain DNA

Answer 36

Mitosis

Question 37

• this is the cells divions that produces ova (eggs) and sperm necassary for sexual reproduction. It only occurs in the ovary and testis.
• function: halve the number of chromosomes.
• only halves two divisions - one after the other - all four cells produced are genetically different from each other and the parent cell

Answer 37

Meiosis

Question 38

Body cells with a full set of chromosomes are called:

___loid cells

Answer 38

Diploid

Question 39

gametes (sperm/ ova) eith half the chromosomes are called:

___loid cells

Answer 39

haploid